贵州某磷化工企业污染地块土壤污染状况调查案例分析

随着城市化进程加速和产业结构调整,传统磷化工企业由于搬迁、改造或关闭而遗留大量的污染地块.污染场地不仅危害区域环境、影响居民身体健康,还严重影响地块的再开发利用,因此需要对其进行土壤污染状况调查,为后续地块的环境管理提供依据.本文以贵州某磷化工企业地块为例,通过地块污染调查,摸清了地块污染特征、污染范围和分布,可作为示...     

Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay, China： A year long simulation study

An experiment for studying the effects of sediment dredging on denitrification in sediments was carried out through a one-year incubation of undredged (control) and dredged cores in laboratory. Dredging the upper 30 cm of sediment can significantly affect physico-chemical characteristics of sediments. Less degradation of organic matter in the dredged sediments was found during the experiment. Denitrification rates in the sediments were estimated by the acetylene blockage technique, and ranged from 21.6 to 102.7 nmol N2/(g dry weight (dw)·hr) for the undredged sediment and from 6.9 to 26.9 nmol N2/(g dw·hr) for dredged sediments. The denitrification rates in the undredged sediments were markedly higher (p0.05) than those in the dredged sediments throughout the incubation, with the exception of February 2006. The importance of various environmental factors on denitrification was assessed, which indicated that denitrification was regulated by temperature. Nitrate was probably the key factor limiting denitrification in both undredged and dredged sediments. Organic carbon played some role in determining the denitrification rates in the dredged sediments, but not in the undredged sediments. Sediment dredging influenced the mineralization of organic matter and denitrification in the sediment; and therefore changed the pattern of inherent cycling of nitrogen.     

漳卫南运河地表水中溶解态多环芳烃的污染特征、风险评价与来源辨析

研究了漳卫南运河流域地表水中USEPA16种优先控制的多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征和污染来源,2008年4月、10月水中PAHs总量分别在31.7～74.5ng.L-1、45.3～99.0ng.L-1之间,与国内外其他河流相比,整体处于较低污染水平.四女寺污染最严重;河口污染最轻.整体上看,10月份PAHs浓度比4月份略有增加.从16种多环芳烃单体的组成来看,漳卫南运河PAHs以2环、3环、4环为主.本研究提出了新的∑PAHs生态风险评价方法,结果表明,4、10两个月份最高风险商值(RQ∑PAHs(MPCs))均为0,最低风险商值(RQ∑PAHs(NCs))值分别在34.7～111.0、20.4～88.8之间,平均值分别为58.4、49.8.∑PAHs在7个采样点均呈现低生态风险,且4月份生态风险略高于10月份,风险最高值出现在4月份的四女寺,最低值出现在10月份的河口.源解析结果显示,漳卫南运河流域PAHs的含量和分布主要受煤炭及薪柴燃烧的影响,四女寺和河口地区受到一定的石油污染的影响.     

论城市规划与环境规划的隔阂与合力

文章通过分析城市规划与环境规划的在起源、价值观、技术方法和工作流程中的联系,论述了二者在理想状态下相互促进、形成合力的可能性;通过分析实践中可能存在缺位错位的环节和深层的思想、制度根源,指出城市规划和环境规划出现隔阂甚至对立的症结,并着重就做好规划环评、重新定义各类规划角色地位、城市规划自身的全面生态化三方面寻求解决途径。     

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4 Sequences Detected in Sewage from Treatment Plants of China

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in sewage samples in Shen Zhen, China. Sewage samples were collected from 152 sewage plants including livestock sewage, domestic sewage and treated sewage from May to July of 2015. Two of 152 samples were HEV positive (1.32%) from the livestock sewage plants. Partial ORF2 fragments of HEV were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA5.1. Blast and phylogenetic analyses showed that both of these two sequences belonged to HEV Genotype 4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the molecular characterization of HEV in wastewater in China and the first time to detect Genotype 4 in the sewage. Results from this study indicate that the possibilities of sporadic infections of HEV should be emphasized because virus still has the possibility to be circulating in the sewage in China.     

电动单梁起重机检验过程中的问题

电动单梁起重机被广泛应用于国民经济建设的各个领域和部门,是现代大工业生产中不可缺少的重要设备。由于电动单梁起重机的使用环境复杂,在使用过程中一旦发生事故,会造成机毁人亡。下面对电动单梁起重机的几个常见问题进行探讨。     

天然气生产井井喷抢险演练新方法

分析了采气井井喷抢险演练存在的问题,提出了一种天然气生产井井喷抢险演练的新方法,实践效果较好,达到模拟井喷时的现场状况的目的,能够在井控应急预案培训中起到锻炼抢险队伍的作用。     

经济发达区域生态化发展研究——以张家港经济技术开发区为例

中国苏南地区经济基础雄厚,生态环境良好,但区域生态化发展仍面临着产业亟需转型升级、自主研发能力不足和土地资源紧缺等制约.优化发展方式,实现生态化改造是经济发达地区进一步发展的必然选择.文章以张家港经济技术开发区为研究对象,在对其存在问题进行分析的基础上,从企业、园区和区域三个层次提出了生态化发展的途径,并从产业改造和结构提升、积极发展低碳经济和加强产城共建等方面加以展开,可为张家港经济技术开发区的建设提供科学决策的依据.     

金矿污染物-丁基黄原酸的监测方法研究

替代传统手工法,建立了紫外分光光度法和超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定水中的丁基黄原酸的方法,与传统的分光光度法相比,这两种方法具有较高的准确度和精密度,操作简便、不污染环境。紫外分光光度法检出限为0.005 mg/L、测定上限为12.00 mg/L。超高效液相色谱-质谱法,水样过滤后就可直接测定,检出限为0.2μg/L,在0.5 g/L～50 g/L范围内线性良好,准确度高,加标回收率为90.1%～97.0%,精密度好,相对标准偏差为2.3%～3.4%,适用于水中丁基黄原酸的快速监测。     

The geostatistic-based spatial distribution variations of soil salts under long-term wastewater irrigation

The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the spatial changes in soil salinity by using geostatistical methods. The study focused on the suburb area of Beijing, where urban development led to water shortage and accelerated wastewater reuse to farm irrigation for more than 30 years. The data were then processed by GIS using three different interpolation techniques of ordinary kriging (OK), disjunctive kriging (DK), and universal kriging (UK). The normality test and overall trend analysis were applied for each interpolation technique to select the best fitted model for soil parameters. Results showed that OK was suitable for soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and Na⁺ interpolation; UK was suitable for soil Cl^? and pH; DK was suitable for soil Ca²⁺. The nugget-to-sill ratio was applied to evaluate the effects of structural and stochastic factors. The maps showed that the areas of non-saline soil and slight salinity soil accounted for 6.39 and 93.61 %, respectively. The spatial distribution and accumulation of soil salt were significantly affected by the irrigation probabilities and drainage situation under long-term wastewater irrigation.