盆栽条件下常见蔬菜对污染土壤中铀的吸收

通过盆栽实验,研究了胡萝卜、生菜、马铃薯、豌豆4种蔬菜在人工铀污染土壤中的种植情况。结果表明蔬菜吸收铀的能力不同,相同条件下的4种蔬菜可食用部位中铀含量大小顺序为:土豆>生菜叶>胡萝卜>豌豆;平均铀含量分别为:0.26,0.25,0.11,0.09 mg/kg,且均为低铀富集作物。加入铀溶液的土壤所种植的蔬菜样品中铀含量相比对照组土壤均有所升高,但其铀含量未超过国家标准限值,处于安全水平。     

郑州市PM2.5化学组分的季节变化特征及来源解析

为了解析郑州市PM_2.5的污染特征和来源,同时为了研究不同季节以及市区和市郊之间的差异,本研究于2018年四季在郑州市环境保护监测中心站(市区)和郑州大学(市郊)点位共计采集环境PM_2.5有效样品1 284个.通过离子色谱仪、碳分析仪和X射线荧光光谱仪分别测试得到9种无机水溶性离子、两种碳组分和27种元素浓度,分析了郑州市城郊PM_2.5中化学组分的季节变化特征,使用富集因子法、地累积指数法、化学质量平衡模型、后向轨迹法和潜在源贡献因子法,研究了郑州市城郊不同季节PM_2.5的来源差异.结果表明,市区和市郊点位年平均PM_2.5浓度达到(59.7±24.0)μg·m^-3和(74.7±13.5)μg·m^-3,郊区点位(除冬季外)季节平均浓度均高于市区点位,季节均值呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的变化.市郊春季受地壳物质的影响较大,夏秋两季全部组分浓度均高于市区;冬季市区受燃煤源和机动车源影响更大.Cu、 As、 Zn、 Pb和S...     

Coordinative Development in Population,Resources and Environment—China's Central Concern in Developing Science and Technology

Abstract

Population, resources and environment constitute the basis for economic and social advances. Their coordinative development is the key factor for the continuous, stable and harmonious development of economy and society. China is a developing country which needs to mobilize the whole society to coordinate among population, resources and environment and to keep publicity and research in pace so as to deepen people's understanding and improve the methods of achieving this coordination.     

零价铁还原和过硫酸盐氧化联合降解水中硝基苯

将零价铁(Fe0)的还原和过硫酸盐(persulfate,PS)的高级氧化技术结合用于水中难降解有机污染物硝基苯的去除.研究结果表明,Fe0在常温常压下可将硝基苯还原生成苯胺,随着Fe0投加量的增加,硝基苯还原为苯胺的速率逐渐增大.PS本身对硝基苯氧化作用不明显,但在Fe0与PS二者联合体系中,硝基苯和苯胺同时被去除,而且随着PS投加量的增加二者被去除的速度也随之增加.在Fe0还原和PS氧化联合处理硝基苯的体系中可能存在两个过程,一是Fe0还原硝基苯产生苯胺和二价铁离子Fe2+,二是Fe2+催化PS产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基将苯胺氧化降解.     

成渝经济区生态系统服务功能重要性评价

选取了生物多样性保护重要性、水源涵养重要性和土壤保持重要性3个重要生态系统服务功能进行分析评价,综合评价了成渝经济区生态系统服务功能的重要性及其区域分异规律. 结果表明:成渝经济区极重要区面积为19 244.00 km2>/sup>,占区域总面积的9.25%,主要为生物核心栖息地、极重要水源涵养区以及土壤保持极重要区;重要区面积为46 814.76 km2>/sup>,占区域总面积的22.56%;一般重要区面积为141 344.08 km2>/sup>,占区域总面积的68.19%.      

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in e-waste: Level and transfer in a typical e-waste recycling site in Shanghai,Eastern China

Very few data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were available in the electronic waste (e-waste) as one of the most PBDEs emission source. This study reported concentrations of PBDEs in e-waste including printer, rice cooker, computer monitor, TV, electric iron and water dispenser, as well as dust from e-waste, e-waste dismantling workshop and surface soil from inside and outside of an e-waste recycling plant in Shanghai, Eastern China. The results showed that PBDEs were detected in the majority of e-waste, and the concentrations of ΣPBDEs ranged from not detected to 175 g/kg, with a mean value of 10.8 g/kg. PBDEs were found in TVs made in China after 1990. The mean concentrations of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Korea, Japan, Singapore and China were 1.84 g/kg, 20.5 g/kg, 0.91 g/kg, 4.48 g/kg, respectively. The levels of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Japan far exceed the threshold limit of RoHS (1.00 g/kg). BDE-209 dominated in e-waste, accounting for over 93%. The compositional patterns of PBDEs congeners resembled the profile of Saytex 102E, indicating the source of deca-BDE. Among the samples of dust and surface soil from a typical e-waste recycling site, the highest concentrations of Σ₁₈PBDEs and BDE-209 were found in dust in e-waste, ranging from 1960 to 340,710 ng/g and from 910 to 320,400 ng/g, which were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than other samples. It suggested that PBDEs released from e-waste via dust, and then transferred to surrounding environment.     

Gamma irradiation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole aqueous solution in the presence of persulfate

Recently, water treatment by ionizing radiation has gained increasing attention as a powerful technology for the destruction of refractory pollutants. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT) is known as a widespread, toxic and poorly biodegradable pollutant. This paper studied the gamma irradiation of aqueous solutions of MBT. Moreover, the effect of the addition of persulfate(S2O82-) on the radiolytic destruction of MBT was investigated. The main transformation products of the studied compound were detected and the sequence of occurrence of the products was described. The change of biodegradability of MBT solution was also observed. The main results obtained in this study indicated that gamma radiation was effective for removing MBT in aqueous solution. Persulfate addition, which induced the formation of reactive sulfate radicals(SO4-U), greatly enhanced the degradation of MBT. Benzothiazole was identified as the first radiation product, followed by 2-hydroxybenzothiazole. Decomposition of MBT started with the oxidation of –SH groups to sulfate ions. Possible pathways for MBT decomposition by gamma irradiation were proposed. The BOD/COD ratios of MBT samples were increased after radiation,indicating the improvement of biodegradability and reduction of toxicity.     

河流水体污染空间分布及污染源解析——以浑河沈阳段为例

采用内梅罗水质评价法、数理统计法以及因子分析等方法,对沈阳市境内浑河干流3个断面2017～2018年上半年水质监测数据进行分析,得到3个断面的水质综合评价结果、描述性统计特征及时空变化特征,在此基础上对该河流污染源进行解析。结果表明:空间上,从上游到下游3个断面水质总体为由差变好再变差;时间上,从2017～2018年上半年沈阳市境内浑河干流各断面水质均呈现恶化的趋势,其中东陵大桥和于家房断面水质恶化趋势更明显;浑河干流污染严重的因子主要有3项分别为COD、氨氮和TP,尤其在于家房断面,以上3项指标均已达到劣V类标准;浑河干流污染源主要为上游抚顺段排入浑河的"三产"废水、浑河沿岸农业面源污染以及沈阳市本地生活和工业污水处理厂产生的尾水。     

Importance of timely metadata curation to the global surveillance of genetic diversity

Genetic diversity within species represents a fundamental yet underappreciated level of biodiversity. Because genetic diversity can indicate species resilience to changing climate, its measurement is relevant to many national and global conservation policy targets. Many studies produce large amounts of genome-scale genetic diversity data for wild populations, but most (87%) do not include the associated spatial and temporal metadata necessary for them to be reused in monitoring programs or for acknowledging the sovereignty of nations or Indigenous peoples. We undertook a distributed datathon to quantify the availability of these missing metadata and to test the hypothesis that their availability decays with time. We also worked to remediate missing metadata by extracting them from associated published papers, online repositories, and direct communication with authors. Starting with 848 candidate genomic data sets (reduced representation and whole genome) from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, we determined that 561 contained mostly samples from wild populations. We successfully restored spatiotemporal metadata for 78% of these 561 data sets (n = 440 data sets with data on 45,105 individuals from 762 species in 17 phyla). Examining papers and online repositories was much more fruitful than contacting 351 authors, who replied to our email requests 45% of the time. Overall, 23% of our email queries to authors unearthed useful metadata. The probability of retrieving spatiotemporal metadata declined significantly as age of the data set increased. There was a 13.5% yearly decrease in metadata associated with published papers or online repositories and up to a 22% yearly decrease in metadata that were only available from authors. This rapid decay in metadata availability, mirrored in studies of other types of biological data, should motivate swift updates to data-sharing policies and researcher practices to ensure that the valuable context provided by metadata is not lost to conservation science forever.     

体育场馆安全防范系统概论

本文介绍了体育场馆在安全防范系统设计时应考虑的各个要素.结合北京奥运场馆的安防系统设计,对体育场馆安全技术防范系统设计时应贯彻“因地制宜、突出重点、兼顾一般、确保安全”的原则,努力使建成的安全技术防范系统具有“安全可靠、技术先进、质量保证、经济适用”的优点。