用修正RRL法计算城区径流雨水流量

随着我国城市化的发展,城市水文问题日益突出。城市排水、防洪和水污染等问题的解决,都有赖于城市降雨径流理论的发展和计算模型的改进。介绍了日本土木研究所创立的修正RRL法,并对该模型提出了改进的建议。     

原油储运过程中的污染控制

对石油储运过程中产生污染的原因进行了分析,提出了污染的控制方法.     

云南省玉龙县碳减排效应估算

玉龙县碳减排效应估算主要包括退耕还林、造林、小水电、替代能源(包括沼气池和太阳能)使用等方面. 其中,造林具有较长期的碳汇功能,会持续提供碳增汇服务功能;替代能源的使用可以有效减少薪柴燃烧,在以农村人口为主的玉龙县,薪柴是主要的取暖和生活能源,故替代能源的使用颇具意义. 以2005年为基准年,小水电和替代能源总的碳减排效应为22.24×103 t,其中小水电碳减排效应为14.43 ×103 t,太阳能碳减排效应为66.24 t,沼气池碳减排效应为7.74×103 t;设定了基准年后林木生长过程以及替代能源使用状况的情景,并进行情景模拟,估算了玉龙县造林在5年内会产生碳汇21.07×103 t,10年内会产生碳汇24.92×103 t. 在研究区总的碳减排效应中,小水电、沼气池以及生态林地都有较大贡献,而经济林和草地的贡献相对较小;与5年情景相比,20年情景中小水电和沼气池的贡献有所上升,而生态林地等的贡献相对下降.      

Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment

Kendrick mass defect was used for PFASs screening in textile finishing agents (TFAs). Total oxidizable precursor assay provides insight into unknown precursors. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was found as impurity in short ECF technology based TFAs. Perfluorooctanoate was also detected in C6 telomerization based TFAs. Long chain precursors were also observed in both types of TFAs. Organofluorinated surfactants are widely employed in textile finishing agents (TFAs) to achieve oil, water, and stain repellency. This has been regarded as an important emission source of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment. China is the biggest manufacturer of clothes, and thus TFA production is also a relevant industrial activity. Nevertheless, to date, no survey has been conducted on PFAS contents in commercially available TFAs. In the present study, TFA products were investigated by the Kendrick mass defect method. The quantification results demonstrated a significant presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.37 mg/L) in TFAs manufactured by electrochemical fluorination technology. The products obtained by short-chain PFAS-based telomerization were dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (mean concentration: 0.29 mg/L), whose values exceeded the limits stated in the European Chemical Agency guidelines (0.025 mg/L). Moreover, the total oxidizable precursor assay indicated high levels of indirectly quantified precursors with long alkyl chains (C7–C9). Together, these results suggest that there is currently a certain of environmental and health risks in China that originates from the utilization of TFAs, and a better manufacturing processes are required to reduce such risks.     

“二段法”干化工艺在中国城市污泥处置中的应用和实践

目前我国城市污水厂产生的湿污泥数量巨大,但大多未能得到安全处置。污泥干化作为解决城市污泥最终减量化、无害化、稳定化和资源化的重要处理方式,近年来得到广泛推广。与其他污泥干化工艺相比,"二段法"干化工艺在能耗、安全性等方面具有明显优势,越来越受到国内外的青睐。但另一方面,某些地区的污泥出现纤维含量高、易混入硬物、黏性高等问题,又阻碍其生产稳定运行。通过苏州工业园区污泥干化项目的实践,因地制宜,对"二段法"干化工艺在运行中出现的问题采取了针对性改进措施,实现了生产连续稳定运行。     

武汉市与西安市颗粒物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的污染水平分析

利用武汉、西安两市2013年PM10与PM2.5的监测数据,统计分析了武汉市和西安市PM10与PM2.5的污染水平,并比较了两城市的污染水平。根据GB 3095—2012《中华人民共和国环境空气质量标准》规定的二级浓度限值,可知武汉市和西安市PM2.5的污染都非常严重,PM10的污染相对较轻。从整体上说,西安市的污染水平要比武汉市严重,其中西安市PM10中PM2.5约占79%。武汉市和西安市的相关部门都应重视PM10和PM2.5的污染问题。     

泰达化工区污水处理厂升级改造工程设计

由于实际进水水质高于原设计水质以及排放标准的提高,对原工艺进行改造,改造后主体工艺流程为气浮-水解酸化-生物流化床-MBR-活性炭吸附。经过3个月的稳定运行,出水基本达到1级B标准。总结了化工废水处理升级改造工程的技术特点,为满足1级B排放标准条件下化工废水处理积累了设计经验。     

Changes in speciation and leaching behaviors of heavy metals in dredged sediment solidified/stabilized with various materials

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of sediments is frequently used to treat contaminants in dredged sediments. In this study, sediment collected from the Pearl River Delta (China) was solidified/stabilized with three different kinds of functional materials: cement, lime and bentonite. Lime primarily acted via induced increases in pH, while cements stabilization occurred through their silicate-based systems and the main function of bentonite was adsorption. The speciation and leaching behaviors of specific heavy metals before and after S/S were analyzed and the results showed that the residual speciation of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn increased in all treatments except for Cu, as the exchangeable speciation, carbonate-bound speciation and Fe-Mn-oxide-bound speciation of Cu (all of which could be stabilized) were less than 2 % of the total amount. Pb leaching only decreased when pH increased, while the mobility of Cr and Ni only decreased in response to the silicate-based systems. The leached portion of the Fe-Mn-oxide-bound speciation followed the order Zn?>?Cu?>?Ni/Cd?>?Pb?>?Cr. The leached portion of organic-matter-bound species was less than 4 % for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb, but 35.1 % and 20.6 % for Cu and Zn, respectively.     

Occurrence of 25 pharmaceuticals in Taihu Lake and their removal from two urban drinking water treatment plants and a constructed wetland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pharmaceuticals in drinking water sources have raised significant concerns due to their persistent input and potential human health risks. The...     

外源Mo降低As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)对水稻的毒性及As的积累

通过溶液培养试验,研究外源添加Mo对2种价态砷(As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ))胁迫下水稻吸收积累Mo和As的影响。结果表明,这2种价态的As对水稻生长均有抑制作用,As(Ⅲ)比As(Ⅴ)对水稻毒害更明显,添加Mo可缓解As对水稻的毒害。As添加可影响水稻根系和茎叶对Mo的吸收积累,但是不同价态As对Mo积累量的影响不一致。同时,Mo的添加也可以显著地降低水稻根系和茎叶对2个价态As的吸收积累。在100μmol·L~(-1)As(Ⅲ)处理下,添加0.1和0.5 mg·L~(-1)的Mo可导致水稻根系As积累量分别比对照处理降低38.8%和52.8%,茎叶As积累量分别降低5.1%和10.6%;当As(V)浓度为100μmol·L~(-1)时,添加0.1和0.5 mg·L~(-1)的Mo可导致水稻根系As积累量分别比对照处理降低15.4%和62.4%,茎叶As积累量分别降低11.9%和23.7%。Mo的添加还能显著地降低2种价态As在水稻根系和茎叶中的富集系数。因此,通过施用适量的Mo肥可以用来防治农田As污染,降低As对人体健康的危害。