Characteristics of secondary inorganic aerosol and sulfate species in size-fractionated aerosol particles in Shanghai

Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium(SNA) are the dominant species in secondary inorganic aerosol, and are considered an important factor in regional haze formation. Size-fractionated aerosol particles for a whole year were collected to study the size distribution of SNA as well as their chemical species in Shanghai. SNA mainly accumulated in fine particles and the highest average ratio of SNA to particulate matter(PM) was observed to be 47% in the fine size fraction(0.49–0.95 μm). Higher sulfur oxidation ratio and nitrogen oxidation ratio values were observed in PM of fine size less than 0.95 μm. Ion balance calculations indicated that more secondary sulfate and nitrate would be generated in PM of fine size(0.49–0.95 μm). Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES) spectra of typical samples were analyzed. Results revealed that sulfur mainly existed as sulfate with a proportion(atomic basis) more than 73% in all size of PM and even higher at 90% in fine particles. Sulfate mainly existed as(NH4)2SO4 and gypsum in PM of Shanghai. Compared to non-haze days, a dramatic increase of(NH4)2SO4 content was found in fine particles on haze days only, which suggested the promoting impact of(NH4)2SO4 on haze formation. According to the result of air mass backward trajectory analysis, more(NH4)2SO4 would be generated during the periods of air mass stagnation. Based on XANES, analysis of sulfate species in size-fractionated aerosol particles can be an effective way to evaluate the impact of sulfate aerosols on regional haze formation.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-lesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world.However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic,remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment,soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-lesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus(DP) to total DP(fanti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18,0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater,sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.     

水切割技术在拆除废弃井井口盲板施工中的应用

在废井井口盲板拆除过程中,应用水切割技术安全切除了井口盲板,避免了井口的动火作业,为高风险区域拆除作业提供了一种安全做法.     

全球能源消费与CO2排放量

在收集全球能源储量和流通状况的基础上，综述了世界各地区能源消费量和各国人均能源水平，汇总了全球ＣＯ２排放总量及各大洲对全球ＣＯ２排放量的贡献率，到２１００年，全球Ｃ矿量预计将从目前６０亿ｔ／ａ增加到３６０亿ｔ／ａ，同时，旨出１９９６年中世界人口１８．８％的北美、欧洲、日本、ＣＯ２排放３１．６亿ｔ（碳），占全球当年ＣＯ２排放总量的５２．４％。     

东北平原西部沙地的气候变异与土地荒漠化

东北平原西部沙地位于欧亚大陆中纬度巨型沙带的东部边缘 ,为我国荒漠化土地的东缘。随着经济的发展 ,生态环境遭到严重破坏 ,荒漠化景观日益明显 ,前景令人堪忧。气候因素是荒漠化发展的一个基本因素 ,东北平原西部沙地是我国北方气候条件最好的沙区 ,但目前对于区域荒漠化驱动因子的气候因素影响方面的研究未开展系统的工作。论文系统分析了东北平原西部沙地影响荒漠化的现代气候因素特点 ,探讨了在较好气候条件下气候变异、人类活动与荒漠化之间的关系 ,并根据气候发展趋势预测了未来在自然因素作用下沙地的可能发展趋势。     

从可持续发展看地区环境经济核算的必要性

可持续发展这一概念的出现 ,标志着人类对自然资源利用的短期行为和意识正被维护环境的长期概念所取代。在这一概念的内涵中 ,加以维护并长期保持完好的环境不仅是实现自然环境平衡的需要 ,也是自然资源能够持续地应用于人类的保证。环境经济核算就是以货币化的方法揭示自然资源及环境与经济的特定关系 ,并为可持续发展的综合测度提供基本的数据依据。     

郁金香之国的水经

荷兰的郁金香构成这个国家多彩的版图，而充沛清澄之水却滋润这个国家和它的国花的生命。     

气候变化背景下城市综合防灾规划自适应研究

探讨了城市总体规划层面如何进行气候适应性考量,提出在气候变化背景下自适应的城市综合防灾规划策略应全面渗透到城市总体规划的关键规划要素,尤其是土地使用规划和各专业系统规划中,而不应仅仅提出一些传统、孤立的应对措施。气候变化会导致潜在不适宜开发建设的用地范围大幅增加,加强论证气候变化对用地适宜性的影响,适度扩大禁建区和限建区的范围,是有效预防各类气象灾害及次生灾害的前提。各专业系统规划技术规范需加紧修订,突破传统思维,不能完全孤立地考虑单一的规划目标,进行气候适应性调整,并要积极预防不适应气候变化的已建人工构筑物成为事故灾害源。     

长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区鱼类产卵场功能现状分析及保护启示

长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区具有开放性、跨界性和范围模糊性等特征,随着所在区域对岸线资源的开发利用,保护区鱼类产卵场功能退化严重。基于对保护区保护针对性及有效性地提升,选择长江宜宾段36个产卵场为切入点,采取实地勘察、走访的方式开展调查,全面梳理了产卵场河段及岸线利用现状、产卵鱼类现状及产卵场面临问题等,并对产卵场功能现状进行划分。结果表明:功能良好和功能一般的特有珍稀鱼类产卵场仅占调查总数的33.3%,功能部分退化、严重退化的产卵场占61%,保护区产卵场功能的整体退化已成为不争的事实。面向产卵场及保护区的未来发展,论文提出开展系统性调查研究、科学认识保护对象的资源现状,处理好发展与保护的关系、提升岸线资源利用持续性,设置独立性管理主体、增强监管时效性等政策启示。     

Occurrence of 25 pharmaceuticals in Taihu Lake and their removal from two urban drinking water treatment plants and a constructed wetland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pharmaceuticals in drinking water sources have raised significant concerns due to their persistent input and potential human health risks. The...