共沉淀富集—固相光度法快速测定微量汞

以Cu2 I2 与Cu2 HgI4 共沉淀法富集微量汞 ,采用固相反射散射分光光度法测定沉淀物中微量汞的含量。探讨了该方法的基本原理 ,选择了最佳的反应条件和测定条件。该法具有快速、简便、灵敏等优点 ,可应用于极谱实验室空气中、土壤、水体及植物体中微量汞的测定。     

运用GC-MS联用技术对垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物成分的分析

通过测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液的色度、BOD5、CODCr、TOC、NH3-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、TKN、TP、总硬度等指标来分析渗滤液的水质特性.利用GC-MS联用技术对渗滤液中有机污染物的组分进行了鉴定,共检测出主要有机污染物63种.     

氯代二恶英微生物降解性的初步探讨

本研究通过分离和筛选，从氯苯生产车间附近土壤和施用五氯酚除草剂的湖泊底泥中选出八支菌株，均能降解一氯代二恶英，３周内最多可降解４５％，但随氯取代数的增加而降解能力减弱，多数菌株不能降解三氯代二恶英，选择邻二氯苯为共代谢物的初级营养物，４１号株３周内可降解３３％三氯代苯基二恶英，说明选择适当的共代谢物，可改善微生物对高氯代二恶英的降解性。     

EAF渣矿相组成及其短期淋溶特性

采用XRD方法研究了EAF渣矿相组成,采用静态淋溶实验方法,研究了液固比、淋溶液初始p H值和淋溶温度对EAF渣短期淋溶特性的影响。结果表明,EAF渣中存在的主要矿物为镁硅钙石、硅酸二钙、钙铝黄长石、磁铁矿、尖晶石、绿铬矿和钙钛矿。短期淋溶条件下,EAF渣淋溶液呈现强碱性和一定的还原性,EAF渣淋溶液中铬质量浓度随着液固比的升高而有所降低,强酸或强碱性淋溶液会在一定程度上提高淋溶液中铬质量浓度,温度对淋溶液中铬质量浓度影响较小;淋溶液铬质量浓度不仅受铬富集相溶解反应平衡控制,也受到淋溶液酸性影响,酸性较强时利于渣中碱性氧化物Cr(OH)3的分解,碱性较强时利于Cr(OH)4-离子的生成;EAF渣淋溶液中的铬主要以三价态存在,六价铬和总铬质量浓度均低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)限值,在一定程度上说明EAF渣的短期淋溶毒性风险较低。     

土壤Mehlich-3可浸提态镍对大麦根伸长的毒性

本研究选择我国具有代表性的11种外源添加镍（水溶性镍盐）污染土壤样品,在模拟田间人工降水（淋洗和非淋洗）处理后,研究了Mehlich-3单次或连续3次浸提态镍对大麦根伸长的毒性.结果发现：结合重要影响因素土壤pH值,Mehlich-3可浸提态镍和外源添加镍具有显著相关关系;基于Mehlich-3可浸提态镍的植物毒性阈值也显著受土壤性质影响（半抑制浓度可相差38倍以上）.通过回归分析发现土壤性质对Mehlich-3浸提镍的生物毒性的影响与Mehlich-3浸提次数有关,主要影响因子分别是铁铝锰氧化物和粘粒含量（单次浸提）或土壤pH值和有机质（3次浸提）.研究建立了基于可浸提态镍对大麦根伸长的毒性阈值预测模型.研究结果证明了重金属的化学浸提态代替全量作为风险评价标准的可行性,为提高土壤中镍的生态风险评估的准确性和科学性提供支撑.     

In-situ generation of gold nanoparticles on MnO2 nanosheets for the enhanced oxidative degradation of basic dye (methylene blue)

In this work, the gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were in-situ generated on the surface of MnO2 nanosheets to form MnO2/Au-NPs nanocomposite in a simple and cost-effective way. Multiple experiments were carried out to optimize the oxidation of basic dye (Methylene Blue (MB)),including the molar ratio of MnO2 to chloroauric acid (HAuCl4), the pH of the solution and the effect of initialmaterial. Under the optimal condition, the highest degradation efficiency for MB achieved to 98.9% within 60 min, which was obviously better than commercial MnO2 powders (4.3%) andMnO2 nanosheets (74.2%). The enhanced oxidative degradationmight attribute to the in-situ generation of ultra-small and highly-dispersed Au-NPs which enlarged the synergistic effect and/or interfacial effect betweenMnO2 nanosheets and Au-NPs and facilitated the uptake of electrons by MnO2 from MB during the oxidation, thus validating the application of MnO2/Au-NPs nanocomposite for direct removal of organic dyes from wastewater in a simple and convenient fashion.     

澜沧江流域浮游细菌群落结构特征及驱动因子分析

为探究澜沧江流域的浮游细菌群落结构特征及驱动因子,应用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分析了2017年2月澜沧江流域浮游细菌群落结构特征,并采用Pearson相关性分析(Pearson correlation analysis)和冗余分析(RDA)识别了澜沧江自然河道段和水库段浮游细菌群落结构变化的关键环境因子.结果表明,自然河道段ACE指数和Shannon指数均高于水库段,造成自然河道段和水库段浮游细菌多样性变化的主要环境因子为水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、浊度(Tur)、高锰酸盐指数(permanganate index)、p H和总氮(TN).对16S rRNA V3和V4测序,得到用于物种分类的OTU数共26772,涵盖了浮游细菌群落共45门,965属.菌群分类发现,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势门,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)含量相对丰富,占细菌群落的36%~94%.澜沧江流域变形菌门(Proteobacteria)主要包括α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(β-Proteobacteria)和γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria),分别占变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的比例为0.39%~21.56%、0.39%~55.80%和31.09%~99.18%.澜沧江水体浮游细菌群落空间差异明显,影响浮游细菌群落结构变化的环境因子主要为WT、高锰酸盐指数、Tur、DO和TN.自然河道段和水库段影响浮游细菌群落结构的环境因子不同,DO和Tur是影响自然河道段浮游细菌群落结构的关键环境因子,而水库段浮游细菌群落结构主要受WT、高锰酸盐指数和TN的影响.     

基于地球物理方法的垃圾处理场污染物检测技术研究

传统检测技术存在磁化率和电阻率变化不明显等问题,导致检测效果差,提出基于地球物理方法的垃圾处理场污染物检测技术。构建非预先处理三维在线检测系统,实时采集电阻率,对电性出现的异常情况进行检测,获取物理土壤物性,根据垃圾处理场的地理结构,将垃圾场分为建筑垃圾和生活垃圾,并分析地质剖面结构图;采用地球物理法对测线进行布置,并对电性和土壤磁性变化展开分析,以此为基础对污染物进行检测。通过实验验证,该检测技术与传统技术相比磁化率和电阻率变化明显,检测效果良好。     

Larval settlement and metamorphosis of the mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus galloprovincialis</Emphasis> on different macroalgae

Settlement of mussels is commonly associated with macroalgae. The effects of 19 macroalgal species on the settlement and metamorphosis of pediveliger larvae of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were investigated in the laboratory. Settlement and metamorphosis inducing activities of macroalgae Chlorodesmis fastigiata and Ceramium tenerrimum collected each month during the period between January 2005 and April 2006 were also investigated. Furthermore, C. fastigiata and C. tenerrimum were subjected to various treatments to investigate the roles of bacteria and diatoms on the algal surface in the induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis of M. galloprovincialis and the characteristics of the cues in these two macroalgae. Pediveliger larvae of M. galloprovincialis settled and metamorphosed in high percentages on Cladophora sp., Chlorodesmis fastigiata, Centroceras clavulatum, and Ceramium tenerrimum, all of which were filamentous in morphology. Macroalgae that were cylindrical, phylloid, flabellate, palmate and pinnate all showed low (<8%) percentages of post-larvae but four other filamentous macroalgae also had low mussel larval settlement, suggesting that chemical factors may also be involved. Seasonal variation had no effect on inductive activities of C. fastigiata and C. tenerrimum. Treatment of C. fastigiata and C. tenerrimum with formalin, ethanol and heat resulted in the significant decrease or loss of their inductive activities. Survival of algal cells within treated macroalgae also decreased significantly. Treatment of the two macroalgae with antibiotics and GeO₂ reduced the numbers of bacteria and diatoms on their surface but did not affect their inductive activities, indicating that the cue was produced by macroalgae and not by coexisting bacteria and diatoms. However, conditioned water and crude extracts of these two macroalgae did not induce larval settlement and metamorphosis. Thus, larvae of M. galloprovincialis settled and metamorphosed on specific filamentous macroalgae. The chemical cues produced by C. fastigiata and C. tenerrimum were susceptible to ethanol and heat treatments and were not recovered in the conditioned water nor in the extracts. The finding that inactive C. tenerrimum can be produced from culturing its apical segments provides a new tool to elucidate the chemical cue(s) from macroalgae through manipulation of their culture conditions.     

大庆石油管理局测井公司放射源库及周围环境的放射性水平调查

对大庆测井公司放射源库及周围环境的放射性水平进行了调查,调查内容分为环境空气气溶胶辐射水平、水环境辐射水平、环境地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率及土壤环境辐射水平四个方面.监测调查结果表明:源库内和源库外总α、总β监测值与对照点比较,均没有显著性差异,说明空气中的环境是安全的;放射源库周围水环境总α、总β监测值符合相应标准规定,说明水环境未受到放射性污染;γ辐射空气吸收剂量率监测值范围均在黑龙江省室外天然本底值21.6×10-9～196.9×10-9 Cy/h范围内,说明放射源库室外地区未受到放射性污染;土壤监测值与黑龙江省土壤放射性水平进行了对比,也未发现放射源库周围土壤环境受到放射性污染.总之,大庆石油管理局测井公司放射源库未形成对周围环境及人群健康的不良影响.