西峰市农业综合发展研究

在综合分析西峰市农业自然条件基础上 ,阐述了本市农业发展的不利因素和有利条件 ,针对存在的主要问题 ,并结合该市农业发展的潜力 ,提出了促进西峰市农业生产持续发展的措施和途径     

木屑生物炭对填料土的氮磷吸附及雨水持留改良影响

现阶段生物滞留系统的填料土存在氮磷营养盐净化效果不稳定、雨水持留能力下降等问题.为评估木屑生物炭作为生物滞留系统填料土添加剂的改良效果,选用对照填料土和施用了木屑生物炭的改良填料土进行对比研究,通过理化性质测试、等温吸附实验、土柱实验和土水特征曲线测定,研究木屑生物炭对填料土的改良影响与优化机制.结果表明,木屑生物炭孔隙率大、比表面积大、饱和含水率高和CEC高,可优化填料土的结构,提升填料土的离子交换能力;木屑生物炭对填料土的氮磷吸附改良效果突出,对NH4+-N的最大吸附量提高了 2.80倍,去除率由31.30％提高至64.10％,对PO43--P的最大吸附量提高了 1.28倍,去除率由61.90％提高至90.00％;经木屑生物炭改良后,填料土的饱和含水率提高1.63倍,渗透系数提高2.43倍,在各含水率下的基质吸力明显增加.木屑生物炭的添加可优化生物滞留系统填料土的性能,加强对雨水径流中氮磷营养盐的吸附,提高系统的渗透性和雨水持留能力.     

北京市北运河水体中抗生素污染特征及风险评估

为评价北京市北运河水体中抗生素的污染特征和风险水平,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS),对北运河流域水体中的抗生素浓度进行了分析.结果表明,12个采样点总浓度为59.19～703.44 ng·L^-1,共检出4类7种抗生素,包括磺胺吡啶、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、红霉素、氧氟沙星和林可霉素.其中,克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、氧氟沙星和林可霉素的检出率为100%,红霉素的检出率为41.67%,磺胺吡啶的检出率为33.33%.与国内部分流域相比,北运河流域水体中阿奇霉素、红霉素和克拉霉素处于较高水平.生态风险评估结果表明,抗生素对藻类的风险为高风险.健康风险评估结果表明,磺胺吡啶、林可霉素、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素和红霉素无潜在健康风险,克拉霉素的人体健康风险为低风险.     

Study on the role of copper converter slag in simultaneously removing SO2 and NOx using KMnO4/copper converter slag slurry

To achieve “waste controlled by waste”, a novel wet process using KMnO4/copper converter slag slurry for simultaneously removing SO2 and NOx from acid-making tail gas was proposed. Through the solid-liquid separation for copper slag slurry, the liquid-phase part has a critical influence on removing NOx and SO2. Also, the leached metal ions played a crucial role in the absorption of SO2 and NOx. Subsequently, the effects of single/multi-metal ions on NOx removal was investigated. The results showed that the leached metal from copper converter slag (Al3+, Cu2+, and Mg2+) and KMnO4 had a synergistic effect on NOx removal, thereby improving the NOx removal efficiency. Whereas Fe2+ had an inhibitory effect on the NOx removal owing to the reaction between Fe2+ and KMnO4, thereby consuming the KMnO4. Besides, SO2 was converted to SO42? completely partly due to the liquid catalytic oxidation by metal ions. The XRD and XPS results indicated that the Fe (II) species (Fe2SiO4, Fe3O4) in copper slag can react with H+ ions with the generation of Fe2+, and further consumed the KMnO4, thereby resulting in a decrease in the NOx removal. The characterization of the slags and solutions before and after reaction led us to propose the possible mechanisms. The role of copper slag is as follows: (1) the alkaline substances in copper slag can absorb SO2 and NO2 by KMnO4 oxidation. (2) copper slag may function as a catalyst to accelerate SO2 conversion and improve NOx removal by synergistic effect between leached metal ions and KMnO4.     

成渝经济区生态系统服务功能重要性评价

选取了生物多样性保护重要性、水源涵养重要性和土壤保持重要性3个重要生态系统服务功能进行分析评价,综合评价了成渝经济区生态系统服务功能的重要性及其区域分异规律. 结果表明:成渝经济区极重要区面积为19 244.00 km2>/sup>,占区域总面积的9.25%,主要为生物核心栖息地、极重要水源涵养区以及土壤保持极重要区;重要区面积为46 814.76 km2>/sup>,占区域总面积的22.56%;一般重要区面积为141 344.08 km2>/sup>,占区域总面积的68.19%.      

工业发展与环境污染关系的区域差异分析--基于江苏省的实证研究

利用格兰杰因果关系检验（Granger causality tests）方法分析了江苏省处在不同发展阶段的三大区域的工业经济增长和环境污染之间双向作用关系。研究结果表明：经济发展水平越高,工业经济增长对环境污染的影响越明显,并且持续时间长,在某种程度上环境污染已经成为受工业经济增长影响的内生变量;江苏省三大区域环境污染都不是工业经济增长的原因,环境污染的加重并不能带来工业经济的增长,因此,在实践中靠牺牲环境来换取经济增长的理念是不可取的,＂先污染后治理＂的发展思路是不可行的。     

农田退水期阿什河氮污染特征及来源解析

利用水质监测技术和稳定同位素示踪技术,对春季农田退水期阿什河河水中ρ(NH₄+-N)、ρ(NO₃--N)和ρ(TN)特征进行研究并对氮污染来源进行解析. 结果表明,ρ(NH₄+-N)、ρ(NO₃--N)和ρ(TN)除在阿什河上游源头区水体中较低外,其余大部分区域均较高. 上游源头区采样点 δ 15N值为3.68‰～6.09‰,主要受大气沉降氮和土壤有机氮的污染;中下游区域中一部分采样点δ15N值为5.32‰～7.72‰,主要受农田退水和农村生活污水影响,另一部分采样点δ15N值为8.45‰～11.86‰,主要受畜禽养殖污水影响较大;下游采样点δ15N值较低(3.25‰～4.15‰),主要受工业来源废水污染. 农田,特别是河流两岸的稻田退水对阿什河水质影响较大;城区对阿什河TN和NH₄+-N影响较大,对NO₃--N影响较小.      

The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

To explore the factors that influence respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents, a questionnaire survey combined with contingent valuation and psychometric paradigm methods were conducted in the city of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. Both traditional socioeconomic variables and perceived characteristics of the hazards were considered in this study, and a Tobit model was used to find the factors influencing WTP under three risk reduction scenarios. The results showed that three demographic characteristics, age, gender, and income, significantly affected the WTP for chemical risk reduction. In addition, three extracted public risk perception factors, effect, knowledge, and trust, also strongly affected the WTP. The mean WTP value increased as the magnitude of the risk reduction increased. The number of factors influencing the WTP decreased as the reduction level improved, and only the effect factor had a significant influence on the WTP for a higher level (80%) of risk reduction. The cost for chemical safety management of Yancheng was calculated, and the optimized risk reduction level was determined. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to formulate suitable strategies for risk control, to reach target groups of people to develop effective communication, and to provide specific references for the best investment for the security of local residents.     

印染废水优化回用可行性研究

实地调查典型印染企业用水排水情况和废水回用情况,并对企业各工序废水取样监测分析,根据分析结果优化设计各种废水的回用方案,通过对方案的技术和经济可行性分析,最后得出了优化回用方案的技术和经济可行性分析结果。