UASB+AF-生物接触氧化工艺处理皂素-酒精综合废水

采用水解酸化-UASB+AF-接触氧化工艺处理黄姜皂素-酒精综合废水,经调试启动和运行研究,结果表明:当进水COD在10 000~12 800 mg/L时,最终出水COD浓度可降低到200 mg/L以下;水解酸化、UASB+AF和接触氧化各阶段的COD去除率分别达到23%、75%和93.5%,系统总的COD去除率可达到98.4%,出水色度在30~50倍之间;同时该工艺具有运行稳定、耐冲击负荷能力强等特点。     

Recent atmospheric lead deposition recorded in an ombrotrophic peat bog of Great Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China, from Pb and Cs dating

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead deposition patterns from industrialization in peat archive. Peat cores were collected in an ombrotrophic peat bog in the Great Hinggan Mountains in Northeast China in September 2008 and dated using ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs radiometric techniques. The mosses in both cores were examined systematically for dry bulk density, water and ash content. Lead also was measured using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). Both patterned peat profiles were preserved well without evident anthropogenic disturbance. Unsupported ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs decreased with the depth in both of the two sample cores. The ²¹⁰Pb chronologies were established using the constant rate of supply model (CRS) and are in good agreement with the ¹³⁷Cs time marker. Recent atmospheric ²¹⁰Pb flux in Great Hinggan Mountains peat bog was estimated to be 337 Bq m⁻² y⁻¹, which is consistent with published data for the region. Lead deposition rate in this region was also derived from these two peat cores and ranged from 24.6 to 55.8 mg m⁻² y⁻¹ with a range of Pb concentration of 14-262 μg g⁻¹. The Pb deposition patterns were consistent with increasing industrialization over the last 135-170 y, with a peak of production and coal burning in the last 50 y in Northeast China. This work presents a first estimation of atmospheric Pb deposition rate in peatlands in China and suggests an increasing trend of environmental pollution due to anthropogenic contaminants in the atmosphere. More attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take actions to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.     

基于协同推进生态文明建设的“多评融合”路径初探

评估是一种权力。各类"评估"实际上都代表了其主管部门的权力和利益,甚至沦为各部门争夺话语权、攫取部门利益的一道关卡。多种评价"混战",不仅评价内容重复、程序烦琐、浪费人力和资源,同时评价背后代表其主管部门的利益和权力,评价的"混战"也成为各部门维护自身利益、争夺话语权的"混战"。本文在对现有评价制度、实施情况、存在问题的剖析的基础上,基于协同推进生态文明建设的要求,提出横向上协同相关部门、纵向上协同国家和地方、政府和市场、政策规划与项目等重大决策的多评融合实施路径,最后提出了多评融合的四项政策建议。     

油气长输管道工程环境影响评价特点浅析

文章介绍了长输管道工程建设内容,重点论述长输管道工程特点以及对环境影响的特点,提出环境影响评价的重点和评价方法,并对目前该类建设项目环境影响评价中存在的问题提出改进建议。     

污泥酵制园林营养土好氧-厌氧交替法可行性分析

为研究好氧-厌氧交替法用于脱水污泥酵制园林营养土达到无害化、营养化、腐殖化(三化)目标的可行性,开展了好氧、厌氧、交替实验效果分析。结果表明:大肠菌群死亡率,酵温50℃时为80%,60℃时为95%;好氧、厌氧、交替,冬季最高酵温分别为52.5、29.5、52.2℃(夏季分别为62.5、41.8、64℃),大肠菌群达标所需时间好氧、交替均为8 d(冬)和3d(夏),厌氧28 d以上;平均碱解氮,厌氧0.859 g/kg>交替0.856 g/kg>好氧0.798 g/kg;20 d后平均有效磷,交替1.852g/kg>好氧1.692 g/kg>厌氧1.636 g/kg;20 d后平均有效钾:交替14.215 g/kg>好氧13.187 g/kg>厌氧11.945 g/kg;20d后平均腐殖质,交替10.510 g/kg>厌氧9.398 g/kg>好氧8.768 g/kg。分析可知,好氧法、交替法可使发酵污泥达到无害化,营养化、腐殖化指标交替法高于好氧法,交替法用于污泥酵制园林三化营养土可行,其控制参数需实验确定。     

减压膜蒸馏法处理石煤提钒废水

利用减压膜蒸馏设备处理石煤提钒废水,分别比较了废水经预处理前后,料液温度、流量、渗透侧真空度等操作条件对膜通量和截留率的影响。测定了不同浓缩倍数情况下膜通量的变化。实验表明,进料温度升高会使膜通量增加,温度为65℃时,热效率最高为70．1％。提高料液流量或真空度都会使膜通量增加。废水经VMD处理产出的淡水电导率均在10μS／cm以下,脱盐率可达99．98％以上。在温度为70％、流量为60L／h、真空度为0．095MPa时,石煤提钒废水经预处理后的废水膜通量为11．359kg／（m^2·h）,浓缩10倍时,膜通量仍有3．185kg／（m^2·h）。     

雅鲁藏布江异齿裂腹鱼生活史对策和种群资源利用现状

2008年8月至2009年8月在西藏雅鲁藏布江中游采集到异齿裂腹鱼（Schizothorax oconnori）1 126尾,对其生活史对策和种群资源利用现状进行了研究。结果显示：异齿裂腹鱼的总死亡系数（Z）雌性为0.090/a,雄性为0112/a;自然死亡系数（M）雌雄分别为0053/a和0064/a;捕捞死亡系数（F）雌雄分别为0037/a和0048/a;开发率（E）雌雄分别为0415/a和0428/a。以达氏鳇（Huso dauncus）和尖头塘鳢（Eleotris oxycephaoa）作为参照物,运用模糊聚类进行分析,表明异齿裂腹鱼属于比较典型的K 选择类型鱼类。在现捕捞死亡系数、现起捕年龄和现自然死亡系数下,异齿裂腹鱼的繁殖潜力比雌雄分别为5280%和5164%,都大于目标参考点40%。通过单位补充量亲鱼生物量模型分析,显示目前雅鲁藏布江中游异齿裂腹鱼种群资源的开发水平较为合理     

Association of PM2.5 pollution with the pattern of human activity: A case study of a developed city in eastern China

Recently, air pollution has attracted a substantial amount of attention in China, which can be influenced by a variety of factors, but the association between air pollution and human activity is not quite clear. Based on real-time online data (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014) of air pollution and meteorology reported by official sites, and demographic, economic, and environmental reform data in a statistical yearbook, the influences of meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation intensity, and wind force) and human activities on PM_2.5 pollution were explored. After correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis, and a nonparametric test, weak negative correlations between temperature and PM_2.5 pollution were found. In most cases, festival and morning peak hours were protection and risk factors of PM_2.5 pollution, respectively. In addition, government actions, such as an afforestation project and increasing financial expenditure for energy saving and environmental protection, could greatly contribute to alleviating pollution of PM_2.5. The findings could help officials formulate effective laws and regulations, and then PM_2.5 pollution related to the pattern of human activity would be ameliorated.

Implications: Most of the time, festival and morning peak hours are protection and risk factors for PM_2.5 pollution, respectively. Increasing the percentage of afforestation area and financial expenditure for energy saving and environmental protection could significantly reduce PM_2.5 pollution. The findings can help officials formulate effective laws and regulations, and then PM_2.5 pollution related to the pattern of human activity, especially government action, will be ameliorated.     

不锈钢烧结纤维毡外加粉体助剂过滤烟尘微粒

为了解决不锈钢烧结纤维毡对柴油机微粒过滤效率不高及其黏附堵塞问题,提出了不锈钢烧结纤维毡外加粉体助剂过滤烟尘的新方法。用不同过滤精度(5～30μm)的不锈钢烧结纤维毡片,覆盖不同厚度(0.5～3 mm)的粉体层,对由发烟剂燃烧产生的烟尘(D50=0.183μm)进行了过滤实验,用welas3000气溶胶粒径谱仪测试过滤前后的烟尘浓度,得到了不同情况下的过滤效率及分级效率。实验结果表明,粉体粒径、厚度、过滤气速及时间对过滤效率影响都很大,在滤速3 m/min、粉体粒径200～250目及厚度1.5 mm时,初始过滤效率高达95.746%,30 min后过滤效率上升到98.499%,300min内过滤效率基本保持在98%以上。     

铁碳微电解预处理汽车电泳涂装废水

采用铁碳微电解法对汽车电泳涂装废水进行处理,研究其处理效果及COD降解动力学。结果表明,进水pH≤4时,铁碳微电解的处理效果影响因素依次为铁碳反应次数、反应时间、进水pH。COD降解率随微电解反应时间的增加而升高,随反应次数的增加而降低,之后趋向稳定。当进水pH=3,反应时间90~150 min时,铁碳微电解的处理效果可稳定在40%左右。同时通过模拟分析,汽车电泳涂装废水COD降解动力学符合三级反应动力学模型。