Changes of DOM and its correlation with internal nutrient release during cyanobacterial growth and decline in Lake Chaohu, China

The seasonal changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM), and its correlation with the release of internal nutrients during the annual cycle of cyanobacteria in the eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China, were investigated from four sampling periods between November 2020 and July 2021. The DOM fluorescence components were identified as protein-like C1, microbial humic-like C2, and terrestrial humic-like C3. The highest total fluorescence intensity (F_T) of DOM in sediments during the incubation stage is due to the decomposition and degradation of cyanobacteria remains. The lowest humification of DOM and the highest proportion of C1 in waters during the initial cyanobacterial growth indicate that fresh algae are the main source. The highest molecular weight of DOM and F_T of the C2 in sediments during cyanobacterial outbreaks indicate the concurrent deposition of undegraded cyanobacterial remains and microbial degradation. The components of DOM are affected mainly by the dissolved total phosphorus in waters, while the temperature drives the annual cycle of cyanobacteria. The decreasing C1 in sediments and increasing nutrients in waters from the cyanobacterial incubation to outbreak indicate that mineralization of algal organic matter contributes importantly to the release of internal nutrients, with the strongest release of phosphorus observed during the early growth of cyanobacteria. The humic-like C2 and C3 components could also affect the dynamics of internal phosphorus through the formation of organic colloids and organic–inorganic ligands. The results show that the degradation of DOM leads to nutrients release and thus supports the continuous growth of cyanobacteria in eutrophic Lake Chaohu.     

尘肺病危险环模型与尘肺病预防对策

介绍了尘肺危险环模型的结构、原理,并以尘肺危险环模型为基础,从呼吸性粉尘危害程度分级、呼吸性粉尘监测与治理及呼吸性粉尘管理等几个方面探讨了尘肺病的预防对策。     

A novel procedure for acid-catalysed K2FeO4 oxidation of benzyl alcohol in organic phase

Recent investigations have shown that ferrate(VI) salts oxidize organic compounds in aqueous phases with fast reaction from seconds to minutes and poor selectivity. Few studies have used ferrate(VI) in organic phases. The main issues are the poor solubility of K₂FeO₄ in common organic solvents and the low reaction rate. Therefore the interests to date are focused on finding a more effective catalyst in the organic oxidation. Up to now no work has been reported on acids as catalysis for the oxidative abilities of K₂FeO₄ in organic phases. Here we present a novel procedure for oxidizing benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde without an overoxidation to benzoic acid by K₂FeO₄ in an organic phase. Using benzyl alcohol as a model, the catalytic activity of various acid solutions was measured. We found that the reactivity of K₂FeO₄ to the oxidation of benzyl alcohol can be highly enhanced by addition of a small amount of acid solution at room temperature. The catalytic ability of acid solutions follows the order acetic acid < oxalic acid < phosphomolybdic acid < phosphotungstic acid. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, a reaction mechanism is proposed. This method provides a new green way for oxidizing organic substances by K₂FeO₄ in nonaqueous media_.     

Modeling the influence of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions on ozone concentration during summer season in the Kinki region of Japan

Tropospheric ozone adversely affects human health and vegetation, and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission has potential to influence ozone concentration in summer season. In this research, the standard emissions of isoprene and monoterpene from the vegetation of the Kinki region of Japan, estimated from growth chamber experiments, were converted into hourly emissions for July 2002 using the temperature and light intensity data obtained from results of MM5 meteorological model. To investigate the effect of BVOC emissions on ozone production, two ozone simulations for one-month period of July 2002 were carried out. In one simulation, hourly BVOC emissions were included (BIO), while in the other one, BVOC emissions were not considered (NOBIO). The quantitative analyses of the ozone results clearly indicate that the use of spatio-temporally varying BVOC emission improves the prediction of ozone concentration. The hourly differences of monthly-averaged ozone concentrations between BIO and NOBIO had the maximum value of 6 ppb at 1400 JST. The explicit difference appeared in urban area, though the place where the maximum difference occurred changed with time. Overall, BVOC emissions from the forest vegetation strongly affected the ozone generation in the urban area.     

基于整体效能的不等跨半刚性连接钢框架梁柱子结构抗倒塌设计∗

不等跨半刚性连接钢框架梁柱子结构在连续倒塌工况下短跨节点由于变形较大而率先发生破坏,结构整体的承载力将快速下降,长跨因失去短跨支持,效能得不到充分发挥。基于增大短跨节点变形能力以提升长跨效能利用的设计理念,针对顶底角钢腹板双角钢半刚性连接节点,探究增加短跨顶底角钢厚度、改变短跨梁翼缘螺栓孔形式等对子结构长短跨抗力机制发展的影响,并通过引入协同工作系数,定量说明长跨效能的发挥程度。结果表明,短跨顶底角钢厚度的增加使得短跨梁机制和悬链线机制提供的抗力明显增大,由于长短跨的协同工作,长跨梁机制和悬链线机制得到进一步发挥;在短跨梁翼缘开设长圆孔,使短跨节点具备更大的变形能力,其倒塌抗力得到提升。针对短跨栓孔长度和顶底角钢厚度的设计可使不等跨梁柱子结构的整体效能得到充分发挥,实现了长短跨协同抵抗外载的理想状态。     

丙烯腈—醋酸乙烯二元共聚物超滤膜的制备及其性能表征

本文研究了丙烯腈-醋酸乙烯二元共聚物[P(AN-VAc)]超滤膜及其性能。研究了共聚物材料、铸膜液成份和成膜工艺条件对膜性能的影响,并对膜的物化稳定性和耐菌性能等进行了表征。实验表明,P(AN-VAc)是一种性能良好的膜材料,其对添加剂的适应性尤佳。本文还通过对红外光谱及电子显微镜扫描对膜的结构进行了初步探讨。     

危险化学品企业实施安全评价工作绩效分析

2006年安全生产工作取得了较好的成绩,呈现总体稳定趋向好转的发展态势,事故死亡人数总量也较大幅度下降。但是,在危险化学品行业非但没有得到扭转,事故死亡人数反而上升了16.2%。对此,我们有必要加强对危险化学品的安全管理。在安全评价方面,危险化学品企业实施安全评价后是否对企业的发展有实际的绩效,对此,我们对全国320家实施过安全评价的危险化学品企业进行了调研分析,尤其在安全设施、安全管理水平、事故发生频率等方面,并从中得出结论,进而了解评价过程中存在的不足,以及提出合理的对策措施。     

华南板块的内部结构和原生金刚石的地质意义

华南板块的构造格局与太平洋板块和印度板块的共同作用相关.华南板块中,由于绍兴-鹰潭-藤县-北海断裂带内中元古代蛇绿混杂岩的确认并恢复为消减的大洋,其两侧古老的扬子地块和华夏地块及其演化历史的追溯也日见清晰.它们是在两个克拉通地块基础上发展起来的.1998年在浙江省龙游首次发现的原生金刚石,产于这条深断裂旁侧白垩纪盆地中的似金伯利岩岩管内,含矿岩管生成深度大,构造部位有利;金刚石呈八面体外形、纯度高;类似的岩管有100多个,但研究程度较低,因而具有良好的找矿前景.     

海洋环境质量评价刍议

本文对现有的海洋环境质量评价的主要方法和模式作了评述，从各种污染物对生物毒性作用分析，各种综合评价模式均存在着不合理性。本文考虑了生物毒性和污染物之间的联合作用，提出了海洋环境质量综合评价的初步模式，并以大连湾，锦州湾为例计算并进行分级。     

淮北台FSQ型与JB型倾斜仪观测资料的对比分析

本文分析了淮北台FSQ仪和JB仪的观测数据，结合降雨资料和故障率进行对比，得到前者的长期稳定性以及观测资料内在质量优于后者，频响特性有所不同，故障率高于JB仪。结果对仪器性能分析和观测数据使用具有参考意义。