煤燃烧过程中5种微量元素的迁移和富集

通过一维炉燃烧模拟实验,研究了褐煤、肥煤、无烟煤及其燃烧产物中As,Cr,Pb,Cd,Hg的含量和分布;计算了在不同燃烧条件下的飞灰和底灰对煤的元素含量比和富集因子,以及飞灰对底灰的元素含量比和富集因子;详细探讨了3种煤在不同燃烧过程中5种元素的迁移和富集行为．结果表明,5种元素在各燃烧产物中都有一定含量的分布,只是各元素在不同燃烧过程中所呈现的集散规律不同,说明煤燃烧过程中微量元素的迁移和富集行为不仅与煤中微量元素的含量和赋存状态有直接关系,还受煤燃烧方式、炉温、气氛条件等人为因素的影响．     

Planning Environmental Impact Assessment Orienting Sustainable Development:Opportunities and Challenges

1 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a useful and effective instrument for sustainable development. Most countries require instruction projects to carry out EIA. EIA of our country began at the end of the 1970s; Chinais one of the earliest countries that carried out Project EIA. Through the fulfillment of more than 20 years, this system has been improved gradually and is playing a significant role in facilitating the enterprise reasonable layout and optimal addres…     

天津地区冬季总悬浮颗粒物中PAHs污染特征

采集并分析了天津不同区县13个样点冬季总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.结果表明不同样品间PAHs含量差异明显,东部开发区和中北部区县含量明显高于其它地区,大港油田的颗粒物中PAHs含量很低,市区、南部区县和北部山区居中.根据毒性等效因子计算了等效浓度,不同样品PAHs总等效浓度差异不大,占总浓度50%的高环PAHs毒性贡献达90%.     

中国艾滋病感染者逾18万

2006年12月1日是第19个“世界艾滋病宣传日”。其宣传主题仍然是“遏制艾滋。履行承诺”。中国艾滋病最新流行现状,经性途径感染呈上升趋势,而目前暗娟人群中能坚持使用安全套的比例为38．7%。感染人数在增加。据卫生部通报．截至2006年10     

Iron plaque effects on selenium and cadmium stabilization in Cd-contaminated seleniferous rice seedlings

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dietary intake of selenium (Se)-enriched rice has benefit for avoiding Se-deficient disease, but there is a risk of excessive cadmium (Cd) intake....     

Dissolved organic carbon, a critical factor to increase the bioavailability of phosphorus during biochar-amended aerobic composting

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to increase phosphorus（P） availability during aerobic composting.However,there is little discussion weather the dissolved organic carbon（DOC） controls the transformation among P-fractions.Thus,we investigated the changes in DOC compositions and P-fractions during biochar-amended composting（wet weight basis,5% and 10%）.TP content continuously increased since the ’concentration effect’ during aerobic composting.NaHCO₃-Pi,NaOH-Pi and HCl-Pi...     

19世纪美国芝加哥大火

19世纪70年代美国芝加哥有居民35．5万人。芝加哥河把该市分为3个区——西区、南区和北区。在经历了1871年夏天的大旱和酷暑之后,进入秋季的9月又是滴雨未下。极度干燥的各种物品处于见火就着的状态。仅10月份的第一个星期,这里就发生火警30次,10月7月晚该市西区发生一场火灾,造成75万美元的损失。10月8日晚8时     

热力承压部件膨胀不畅引发的失效分析及防范

本文笔者根据积累的经验,并结合具体案例,分析了三类承压部件（锅炉水冷壁、汽水管道、联箱角焊缝）因膨胀不畅引发的失效特征和原因,并提出了相应的防范和整改措施。对火力发电厂承压部件防止膨胀拉裂引起的失效有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

铜胁迫对农田土壤酶活性、细菌和古菌数量的影响

为了研究铜矿周边农田土壤中不同Cu含量对土壤酶活性、细菌和古菌基因拷贝数的影响,在铜矿周边农田土壤中采集了8个不同Cu含量的土壤,测定土壤的酶活性、细菌和古菌基因拷贝数,结果表明,土壤总Cu含量为28.30~1 019.27mg·kg~(-1),酸可提取态Cu含量为335~415.11 mg·kg~(-1),细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数在每克干土3.10×10~(10)~1.84×10~(11)个之间,古茵16S rRNA基因拷贝数在每克干土737×10~8~6.82×10~9个之间。土壤总Cu和酸可提取态Cu含量对土壤脲酶活性影响较大,但对土壤脱氢酶和转化酶活性影响不显著。土壤细菌基因拷贝数均与总Cu含量、各形态Cu含量呈极显著的负相关关系,同样土壤古菌基因拷贝数与总Cu含量、各形态Cu含量也均呈极显著的负相关关系,说明Cu胁迫对土壤细菌和古菌活性具有较大的抑制作用。     

Disadvantages and future research directions in valuation of ecosystem services in China

We have reviewed the development, background and valuation history of ecosystem services in China and abroad, and highlight the importance of ecosystem services and the necessity of their valuation at various temporal and spatial scales. Through critical review of the literature, we have elucidated disadvantages in studies of ecosystem services in China, including the lack of a definite purpose for the valuation of ecosystem services, improper emphasis of valuation studies, stifled application of the contingent valuation method, weak power of research panels in the field, and the absence of the participation of government officials. In addition, we discuss some case studies from Western countries which tracked changes in the total economic value (TEV) of ecosystem services across different states of ecological disturbance and evaluated changes in the TEV under different management regimes. These studies may be useful in guiding future research in China. In essence, there are three major aspects involved in the valuation of ecosystem services: improving accuracy of valuation, association of results of valuation with policy and management decisions, and transfer of payments for ecosystem services. We suggest three priorities for future research in China: to develop an ecosystem service valuation model, to enhance the relevance of valuation studies to policy development, and to reward the protectors of ecosystem services.