汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染的研究

通过对位于交通干线两侧某茶园土壤及茶叶中铅含量的调查与分析，得出汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染有较强的时空分布规律，提出了改善和提高茶叶品质的对策与建议。     

有机锡致海洋腹足类性畸变分子机制的研究进展

有机锡作为防污损生物附着添加剂曾被大量使用,在极低浓度下就能诱发腹足类发生性畸变现象,严重危害了海洋生态系统的平衡。虽然三丁基锡已被国际海事组织全球禁用,但目前报道的环境有机锡污染仍然非常严重,而且其致毒机制一直众说纷纭。首先,简述了腹足类性畸变及其在世界各个海域有机锡污染监测中的应用,重点综述了有机锡致海洋腹足类性畸变分子机制的3种假说:脊椎动物类型的类固醇激素假说、神经肽假说以及视黄酸X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR)假说,另外,结合快速发展的分子生物学技术,探讨了研究腹足类性畸变分子机制的新思路和新方法。     

还原雷击参数的“黑匣子”——雷击在线实时监测记录仪研究

本文所研究的＂黑匣子＂是一种在线监测、记录、还原雷击参数的智能仪表,对特定环境设施（如：避雷针、低压供、配电线路与信息传输线路）入侵的雷击具备在线实时监测、记录并还原雷击参数的雷电流幅值、持续时间、极性（雷击电流走向）与波形的功能。     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have beenwidely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (f_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, andmosswas long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably themain source of DP.     

三江平原挠力河流域湿地生态特征变化研究

经过近半个世纪的垦荒,挠力河流域湿地生态特征发生了明显的改变,大量湿地被垦殖,湿地面积逐年减少;湿地资源的破坏,造成环境污染严重,土壤有机质含量大大降低;土地沙化、盐碱化面积不断扩大;灾害性气候发生频率增加;动植物等多样性资源急剧减少。挠力河流域作为“北大荒”的重要组成部分,生态环境的剧烈变化也就很具有代表性了。伴随着新千年“北大荒”停止一切垦殖湿地、草地和林地的措施出台,挠力河流域也迎来了退耕还林、还牧、还湿的调整时期。     

芘污染对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)D型面盘幼虫发育的影响

多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类广泛存在于环境中的持久性有机污染物,大多具有潜在毒性、致癌性及致畸诱变作用。选取马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)作为模式动物,研究芘对马氏珠母贝D型面盘幼虫发育的影响。将马氏珠母贝D型面盘幼虫暴露于不同浓度(2、4、8、16和32μg·L-1)芘(pyrene)中,在暴露后第12、24、36、48、60、72和84小时,分别测定其死亡率和畸形率,并观察形态学的变化。结果表明,芘对D型面盘幼虫的发育有显著影响,同一浓度组的死亡率与时间呈正相关。在2～32μg·L-1浓度范围内,不同暴露时间段,死亡率与浓度呈正相关。芘暴露对马氏珠母贝D型面盘幼虫的形态也有显著影响,随着芘浓度的增大幼虫畸形的比例增高,并呈现明显的剂量-效应关系,其中8和32μg·L-1浓度组的响应最敏感。同时,芘暴露对马氏珠母贝D型面盘幼虫的半数致死浓度(LC50)随着时间的推移逐渐降低,60h后趋于稳定,LC50值为43.50μg·L-1。研究结果表明,芘暴露能影响马氏珠母贝D型面盘幼虫的发育,并可能对其种群结构产生不利影响。     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of pentachlorophenol based on superoxide radicals

Pentachlorophenol could be photocatalytically reduced with superoxide radicals in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation.     

浅埋富水软岩隧道大变形机理与控制研究∗

针对洞口段富水浅埋软弱围岩隧道易发生挤压性大变形的特点,依托某隧道,通过监控量测、室内试验、数值模拟等手段分析隧道的变形特征、影响因素及其致灾机制与力学破坏模式。结果表明,隧洞开挖后变形具有流变特性,且持续时间长、变形量大;此外,上、中台阶开挖造成的拱顶沉降、围岩收敛分别占总变形的 61.16%、63.34%, 是大变形产生的主要阶段;洞内大变形是在多种影响因素的耦合作用下产生的,地下水是造成该软岩隧道大变形的主要控制因素,地下水的软化、渗流是大变形的主要变形机理,破坏力学模式主要有软岩塑流和累进性松脱扩展两种,软岩塑流造成侧墙鼓出、顶压以及钢拱架扭曲等现象,累进性松脱扩展造成垮塌、地表裂缝等现象。数值模拟验证了大变形力学机理的正确性并反演了大变形发展趋势。最终针对该隧道大变形产生的主要原因,提出并实践形成了“内外结合”的主动控制技术：洞外掌子面动态跟进超前降水,洞内“中管棚+小导管”超前支护、上台阶 “核心土+扩大拱脚”、中台阶“临时仰拱+大锁脚”、下台阶“短进短衬,快速支护”,成功穿越 300 m 浅埋富水极软岩段,研究成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

Who is in the Lower Reaches, Who Suffers Disasters？ Take Minqin County, a Disappearing Oasis as a Case

Minqin Oasis is located in the lower reaches of the Shiyanghe River Basin, northeast of the Heixi Corridor, at the middle of the Silk Road. Because of the its existence, Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert cannot converge and develop in the south. It has always been an important green barrier to guarantee the eco-security of Hexi Corridor and the Silk Road for thousands of years. But in recent decades, Minqin Oasis is becoming smaller and the desert is becoming larger. Many people, especially the governmental officials in the lower reaches think that the upper and middle reaches have robbed the lower reaches of water resources, and caused insufficient water usage and the deteriorated eco-environment, in the lower reaches, However, the governmental officials in the upper and middle reaches claim that the whole river basin should take the upper and middle reaches as the key regions to develop economy. To address the above argument, we analyze the reasons why Minqin Oasis is disappearing, and find that there are two main factors. One is the quick development of population and economy in the upper and middle reaches; the other is the rapid development of population and economy in the lower reaches. The two factors both have great effect on the water utilization for eco-environment in the lower reaches. So Minqin Oasis is disappearing not only because of the upper and middle reaches but also because of the growth of population and economy itself. The lower reaches should not completely blame the upper and middle reaches. The upper and middle reaches should also pay more attention to the eco-environment in the lower reaches. The whole river basin should develop a harmonious and sustainable relationship among the upper, middle and lower reaches.     

神经元网络在安全评价中的应用

利用人工神经元网络进行安全评价可以克服传统的安全评价方法的缺点,提高安全评价方法的精确度和可靠性。笔者在BP神经网络基本原理的基础上,利用机会约束的思想建立了综合安全评价模型;运用反向传播算法和遗传算法对神经元网络进行训练;进而就系统综合安全评价模型进行求解,并对运用神经元网络进行综合安全评价的优点进行了分析。最后,通过对实例进行综合安全评价,得出计算结果,同时也证明将人工神经元网络应用于安全评价的可行性