天然气生产井井喷抢险演练新方法

分析了采气井井喷抢险演练存在的问题,提出了一种天然气生产井井喷抢险演练的新方法,实践效果较好,达到模拟井喷时的现场状况的目的,能够在井控应急预案培训中起到锻炼抢险队伍的作用。     

油烟净化器对餐饮VOCs排放和光化学特征的影响

选取了北京市21家餐饮企业,检测了净化器前端和后端的挥发性有机污染物（VOCs）的浓度水平,经油烟净化器净化后,烷烃类、烯烃类、含氧VOCs类和苯系物类污染物的排放平均浓度分别为（714.62±212.17）,（264.88±94.58）,（374.72±57.48）和（174.93±55.19）μg/m³,烯烃类污染物中仅对四氯乙烯有明显的浓度降低效果.根据净化器对VOCs污染物的去除效果,有35.7%的净化器净化效率为负值.烯烃类污染物是餐饮油烟污染中臭氧生成的最重要的前体物,占总臭氧生成潜势的48.2%~50.7%.苯系物成为餐饮业排放污染物中二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的主要前体物,占总SOA生成潜势的95%以上.     

南宁市南湖沉积物磷释放的研究

采用室内试验模拟法对南宁市南湖沉积物进行磷的释放研究，测定南湖沉积物中磷释放速率及释放量，对影响南湖沉积物磷释放的各种环境因子进行研究。     

“十五”期间湘江株洲段水质环境监测与分析

根据2001年-2005年湘江株洲段的水质监测数据,选用高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量、氨氮、铜、锌、氟化物、硒、砷、汞、镉、六价铬、铅、氰化物、挥发酚、石油类、阴离子洗涤剂、硫化物等17项污染指标,采用综合评价方法对湘江株洲段水质变化进行了分析。结果表明：“十五”期间湘江株洲段水质综合污染指数由2001年的5．67下降到2005年的4．67,水质总体上得到改善。但是由于城市和农业废水排放量的增加,总大肠茵群、氨氮、石油类、氟化物和总汞等影响整个水质的主要因子,有明显的上升趋势,须引起有关部门的注意。     

Dust storm frequency and its relation to climate changes in Northern China during the past 1000 years

Dust storm events and their relation to climate changes in Northern China during the past 1000 years were analyzed by using different paleoclimate archives such as ice cores, tree rings, and historical documents. The results show that in the semiarid region, the temperature and precipitation series were significantly negatively correlated to the dust storm frequency on a decadal timescale. Compared with temperature changes, however, there was a closer correlation between precipitation changes and dust storm events on a centennial timescale. At this timescale, precipitation accounts for 40% of the variance of dust fall variations during the last 1700 years, inferring precipitation control on the formation of dust storms. In the western arid region, both temperature and precipitation changes are important forcing factors for the occurrence of dust storms in the region on a centennial timescale. In the eastern arid region, the relationship between dust storm events and climate changes are similar like in the semiarid region. As a result, the effects of climate change on dust storm events were manifested on decadal and centennial timescales during the last millennium. However, there is a phase shift in the relation between climate change and the dust storm frequency. A 1400 years reconstruction of the strength of the Siberian High reveals that long-term variations of spring Siberian High intensity might provide a background for the dynamic conditions for the frequency of historical dust storm events in Northern China.     

Feasibility of a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor to achieve single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal based on Anammox

A laboratory-scale membrane-aerated biofilm bioreactor (MABR) equipped with non-woven fabrics support around the gas-permeable carbon tube was developed for single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal based on partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidization. This reactor allowed air to be supplied through the microporous carbon tube wall to the biofilm that was supported by non-woven fabrics. The partial nitrification and consumption of dissolved oxygen occurred in the inner layer and Anammox in the anoxic outer layer of the non-woven fabrics, thus realizing autotrophic nitrogen removal in a single reactor. After 116d of operation, the maximal nitrogen removal of 0.77kgNm(-3)d(-1) at a volumetric ammonium loading rate of 0.87kgNm(-3)d(-1) was achieved. The spatial profiles of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and Anammox bacteria were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This study demonstrated that MABR was a very suitable experimental set-up for the operation of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process.     

地质统计学在水环境研究中的应用

污染物迁移参数的空间变异性是当前水环境领域的研究热点之一,而地质统计学在这方面的研究,有着很好的应用前景。简单叙述了地质统计学的理论及方法,并介绍了其在水环境研究中的最新应用,基于这些应用的案例,对地质统计学在水环境研究中的应用现状进行了分析与评价。     

不同土壤中氟赋存形态特征及其影响因素

采用连续化学提取法研究了15种土壤中氟的赋存形态特征. 土壤中氟的赋存形态按量的大小呈如下规律分布: 残余态可交换态>水溶态>有机态>无定形氧化铁态. 水溶态氟与铁锰结合态氟呈极显著正相关(r=0.7775^{* *}), 同时可交换态氟也与可交换态氟(r=0.5753^*)和有机态氟(r=0.5529^*)呈显著正相关. 对土壤中氟形态与土壤性质进行的逐步回归分析表明, 土壤pH值、有机质、粘粒、交换性钙是影响土壤氟形态分布的重要因素. 其中, pH值最为重要, 对水溶态氟和可交换态氟的影响大于其它土壤因子. 另外, 土壤母质对土壤中氟的赋存形态也有影响, 各种沉积物发育而成的土壤中水溶态氟和可交换态氟含量较比其它母质发育的土壤高.     

销轴滑动磨损条件下的极限承载力研究

目的 针对销轴在海洋环境下由于轴向滑动磨损造成的极限承载力变化进行数值模拟研究，得到销轴的极限承载力演变规律，为水下磨损结构的安全评估提供理论依据。方法 首先，运用ANSYS有限元分析软件，建立“柱-瓦”模型进行磨损计算，对滑动磨损方法进行验证。然后，建立实际销轴与锚链横档局部有限元模型，进行磨损分析，得到不同轴向滑动频率下的磨损数据。最后，计算销轴在失效准则下不同磨损深度等级(0、1、2、3 mm)的极限承载力，并根据磨损速度-磨损深度-破断力的映射关系得到其许用极限承载力和累计使用时间随磨损深度的变化曲线。结果 在典型工况(滑动频率为3 Hz)条件下，销轴连续工作约3 298 h，磨损深度可达3 mm，许用极限承载力下降14 180 N。结论 随着销轴轴向滑动频率的增加，销轴的最大磨损深度、总磨损体积、磨损速度均近似呈线性增长变化。在典型工况下，销轴许用极限承载力随着服役时间增长近似呈线性下降，且随着时间增加许用极限承载力下降趋势变缓。     

Hazardous emission from thermal drying of municipal sludge and industrial sludge as well as associated odor pollution

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Disposal of sewage sludge, a by-product of wastewater treatment, is one of the most intractable problems for environmental protection industry. The...