缓倾斜煤层孤岛工作面巷道底鼓机制及控制

针对缓倾斜煤层孤岛工作面回采巷道底鼓严重的状况,以庞庞塔矿5煤107工作面运输顺槽为研究背景,测试了顶底板的矿物成分、微观结构,利用物理模拟研究了底鼓机制,结果表明:①107工作面运输顺槽底板以高岭石为主,膨胀性岩石成分较低,岩石内部空隙较少,结构致密,强度高;②107工作面运输顺槽底鼓属于挤压流动性底鼓,掘进期间发生的是浅部岩层整体弯曲,在采动超前支承压力影响阶段,底板上位坚硬岩层超过其抗弯强度而发生破断,下位软弱底板解除约束,变形急剧增加,帮角出现裂隙,底板变形出现剧烈变形区、受限变形区、变形过渡区;③107工作面运输顺槽底鼓机制为:坚硬底板在高应力下的挤压流动是造成底鼓的主要原因,缓倾斜煤层巷道底板存在三角煤和底板岩石中存在少量膨胀性岩石对底鼓影响较小。针对性提出了采用开挖卸压槽释放压力方式进行底鼓治理,现场实测表明所提措施可有效降低巷道底鼓量。     

外循环厌氧处理工艺中布水和三相分离的改进研究

污水处理中的布水设备和三相分离设备存在很多缺点,通过旋流配水装置和传统配水装置、小间距斜板三相分离装置和传统三相分离装置的比较试验,研究了旋流配水装置和小间距斜板三相分离装置的性能.研究结果表明:在相同膨胀率的条件下,旋流配水装置所需的回流量小,能耗相对较少;在水力上升流速为8 m/h时,采用旋流配水装置进水时,污泥分布曲线较平缓,污泥在高度上分布较均匀,而采用传统配水装置进水时,污泥主要分布在反应器底部,污泥浓度分布不均匀;在上升流速相同的情况下,采用小间距三相分离装置的反应器出水携带的颗粒污泥浓度较小;在相同的进水COD浓度时,小间距三相分离装置分离的沼气量较多.改进的布水和三相分离装置的性能明显优于传统的布水和三相分离装置.     

Fabrication of ion doped WO3 photocatalysts through bulk and surface doping

Na⁺ doped WO₃ nanowire photocatalysts were prepared by using post-treatment (surface doping) and in situ (bulk doping) doping methods. Photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Blue was tested under visible light irradiation, the results showed that 1 wt.% Na⁺ bulk-doped WO₃ performed better, with higher photoactivity than surface-doped WO₃. Photoelectrochemical characterization revealed the differences in the photocatalytic process for surface doping and bulk doping. Uniform bulk doping could generate more electron–hole pairs, while minimizing the chance of electron–hole recombination. Some bulk properties such as the bandgap, Fermi level and band position could also be adjusted by bulk doping, but not by surface doping.     

基于综合素质的飞行员安全风险评价模型的构建

如何预防由飞行员自身原因所导致的航空事故,一直是全球航空系统乃至全球性公共安全重大课题。通过对飞行员综合素质,即飞行员的认知能力、人格特征以及心理健康状况的研究,分析整理出了影响飞行员飞行安全的关键素质,基于这些素质指标,构建出飞行员风险评价模型,为航空安全系统性、区域性保障提供参考。     

从弱势群体入手增强安全理念

在2005年全国火灾分析报告中,有一个火灾特点十分引人关注,从火灾死亡情况看,老弱病残和流动务工人员等弱势群体所占比例居高不下.在很多地区,60岁以上老人、10岁以下儿童、伤残智障人员和进城就业的农民工占火灾死亡总人数的80%以上.     

广西喀斯特干旱农业区干旱遥感监测模型研究

广西中部喀斯特平原区是广西重要的粮食生产基地,但旱灾已成为该地区经济发展的障碍.利用EOS/MODIS数据,采用植被状态指数(IVC)和温度条件指数(ITC),构建了干旱指数ID的遥感监测模型, 统计分析了ID与农业受旱率的相关系数,从而确定了模型中各参数的权重系数.将该模型应用于2005年秋旱监测,经与旱情实况及前人研究成果进行对比分析,验证了干旱指数ID的有效性.通过对ID随ITC和IVC变化的敏感性评价,结果表明,ITC和IVC都能反映旱情变化,但ITC反映旱情的敏感性高于IVC,以ITC和IVC为因子构建的干旱遥感监测模型适用于广西中部喀斯特干旱农业区的旱情遥感监测.     

Studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two sediment cores from the huaxi reservoir,china: Assessment of levels,sources, and ecological risk

This study investigated the levels, sources and ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two sediment cores that were collected along the Huaxi Reservoir. The spatial distributions and residue levels of the 16 priority PAHs in the sediments from the Huaxi Reservoir were analyzed for their potential ecological risk, source apportionment and contribution to the total PAH residue. The concentration level of the total PAHs (TPAHs) was in the range 1805 ng·g^?1 to 20023 ng·g^?1 based on dry weight, and the content of PAHs in the Huaxi Reservoir exhibited a gradual upward trend. The PAH congener ratios fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) and indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene/(indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene + benzo[g, h, i]perylene) were used to identify the source. The main source of the low molecular weight PAHs was wood and coal combustion, whereas the high molecular weight PAHs were primarily from petroleum combustion sources. The results of an ecological risk assessment demonstrated that ACE poses a potential ecological risk, while FLU, NAP, ANT, BaP, DBA, PHEN and PYR can have serious ecological risks.     

Optimum ridge-to-furrow ratio in ridge-furrow mulching systems for improving water conservation in maize (Zea may L.) production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water-saving cultivation techniques have been attracting increased attention worldwide. Ridge-furrow mulching system (RFMS), as a prospective...     

Overview of surface measurements and spatial characterization of submicrometer particulate matter during the DISCOVER-AQ 2013 campaign in Houston,TX

The sources of submicrometer particulate matter (PM₁) remain poorly characterized in the industrialized city of Houston, TX. A mobile sampling approach was used to characterize PM₁ composition and concentration across Houston based on high-time-resolution measurements of nonrefractory PM₁ and trace gases during the DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013 campaign. Two pollution zones with marked differences in PM₁ levels, character, and dynamics were established based on cluster analysis of organic aerosol mass loadings sampled at 16 sites. The highest PM₁ mass concentrations (average 11.6 ± 5.7 µg/m³) were observed to the northwest of Houston (zone 1), dominated by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass likely driven by nighttime biogenic organonitrate formation. Zone 2, an industrial/urban area south/east of Houston, exhibited lower concentrations of PM₁ (average 4.4 ± 3.3 µg/m³), significant organic aerosol (OA) aging, and evidence of primary sulfate emissions. Diurnal patterns and backward-trajectory analyses enable the classification of airmass clusters characterized by distinct PM sources: biogenic SOA, photochemical aged SOA, and primary sulfate emissions from the Houston Ship Channel. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that secondary biogenic organonitrates primarily related with monoterpenes are predominant in zone 1 (accounting for 34% of the variability in the data set). The relevance of photochemical processes and industrial and traffic emission sources in zone 2 also is highlighted by PCA, which identifies three factors related with these processes/sources (~50% of the aerosol/trace gas concentration variability). PCA reveals a relatively minor contribution of isoprene to SOA formation in zone 1 and the absence of isoprene-derived aerosol in zone 2. The relevance of industrial amine emissions and the likely contribution of chloride-displaced sea salt aerosol to the observed variability in pollution levels in zone 2 also are captured by PCA.

Implications: This article describes an urban-scale mobile study to characterize spatial variations in submicrometer particulate matter (PM₁) in greater Houston. The data set indicates substantial spatial variations in PM₁ sources/chemistry and elucidates the importance of photochemistry and nighttime oxidant chemistry in producing secondary PM₁. These results emphasize the potential benefits of effective control strategies throughout the region, not only to reduce primary emissions of PM₁ from automobiles and industry but also to reduce the emissions of important secondary PM₁ precursors, including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. Such efforts also could aid in efforts to reduce mixing ratios of ozone.