Effective degradation of tetracycline by mesoporous Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>WO<Subscript>6</Subscript> under visible light irradiation

Bi₂WO₆ was synthesized with a hydrothermal method at different pHs and used for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) in water. The mesoporous Bi₂WO₆ prepared at pH 1 (BWO-1) displayed the highest adsorption and degradation capacity to TC due to its large surface area and more efficient capacity to separate photogenerated electrons and holes. 97% of TC at 20 mg·L^?1 was removed by BWO-1 at 0.5 g·L^?1 after 120 min irradiation under simulated solar light. Only 31% of the total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 360 min irradiation although the TC removal reached 100%, suggesting that TC was mainly transformed to intermediate products rather than completely mineralized. The intermediates were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS) and possible photodegradation pathways were proposed.     

高速公路路面径流水质特性及排污规律

采用现场连续取样,在雨天某一时段对西安至临潼高速公路路面径流排水进行了监测.结果表明,高速公路路面排水具有较高的污染强度,污染物以SS和COD为主,且生物可降解性较差.水质参数SS、COD、总Pb、总Zn之间存在较好的线性相关关系.分析探讨了路面径流污染物排放规律及其对河流水质的影响.     

颗粒污泥膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化

在本实验条件下,厌氧-好氧序批式颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(GMBR)处理人工配水,结果表明,GMBR具有良好的有机物去除及脱氮效果,当进水TOC及氨氮分别为160.9～308.4mg/L、29.8～83.6mg/L时,GMBR的TOC、氨氮及总氮去除率分别为65.7%～98.6%、85.4%～98.9%及66.1%～95.1%.对于GMBR典型周期TOC、胞内聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)、氨氮、硝酸盐氮及亚硝酸盐氮变化进行分析,结果表明,有机物主要在厌氧阶段去除并以胞内多聚物PHB形式储存,氨氮在好氧阶段经由同步硝化反硝化(SND)去除,并且反硝化碳源主要来自胞内储存物质PHB.以外源溶解性基质及胞内储存物质为碳源的批式实验表明,以外源基质为碳源的缺氧反硝化速率为胞内储存物质的4.2倍;以外源基质及胞内PHB为碳源的好氧SND效率分别为49.9%、82.5%.胞内储存物质PHB的慢速降解特性使得硝化与反硝化过程能够同步进行.     

淀粉废水处理方法综述

由于淀粉加工企业分布广且废水COD浓度高,淀粉废水处理方法的研究越来越受到重视。就目前国内外淀粉废水的各种处理方法和工艺进行综述,重点介绍了淀粉废水处理方面的最新研究成果,并介绍了废水资源化的一些途径。     

A new strategy for obtaining highly concentrated phosphorus recovery solution in biofilm phosphorus recovery process

Recovery of phosphorus（P） from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources. At present, the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution. This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm. A biofilm sequencing batch reactor（BSBR） process was mod...     

Control of diffuse P-pollutants by multiple buffer/detention structures by Yuqiao Reservoir, North China

A case study on the transport process of agricultural diffuse P-pollutants was conducted in an experimental watershed locating in the north bank of Yuqiao Reservoir during 2001 and 2002. It was found that diversified artificial and natural buffer/detention landscape structures distributing along the ephemeral stream channel in this watershed played an important role of pollutants removal on downstream water quality, especially they have control effect on the diffuse P-pollutants transport process. Surface flow velocity was reduced sharply after passing through theses tructures. During continuous runoff events, the removal rate of TSS, TP, TDP, DRP by the whole system were 66.7%, 60.7%, 48.4%, and 43.3%, respectively. During discontinuous runoff events, removal rate of pollutants by the whole system was higher due to there was no or little surface water and pollutants exported from the watershed, of which removal rate of pollutants all exceeded 99%. The statistical analysis results of runoff events( n=8) indicated that dry pond was the steadiest structure for controlling diffuse P-pollutants export.     

乌鲁木齐市非金属矿物制品业大气污染物排放清单与时空分布

基于乌鲁木齐市各类非金属矿物制品业的活动水平数据及其排放因子,建立了2015年乌鲁木齐市3种大气污染物的排放清单。2015年乌鲁木齐市非金属矿物制品业大气污染物NO_x、SO₂和PM_2.5的排放总量分别为1.17×10⁴ t、1.63×10⁴ t和8.35×10³ t。混凝土配料行业是NO_x和SO₂的主要排放源,占比分别为56.77%和71.72%;PM2.5的排放源主要是水泥（干法）行业,占比为70.23%。米东区是对NO_x、SO₂和PM_2.5排放量的最大贡献区域,头屯河区是NO_x和SO₂的第二大贡献区域,达坂城区是PM_2.5的第二大贡献区域。污染物在5~9月处于排放高峰期。蒙特卡罗法模拟结果表明,混凝土配料制品行业95%置信区间的不确定性最高,为-72%~157%。     

QSAR models for predicting the toxicity of halogenated phenols to Tetrahymena

Halogenated phenols are industrial pollutants which may cause serious damage to the environment. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) and two three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure–activity relationship models for the toxicity prediction of halogenated phenols in Tetrahymena were developed. The structural factors that mainly influence toxicity were explored, agreeing with previously reported data. The results obtained with the 3D model were in agreement with those obtained with the 2D model. According to our findings, several new molecules with different predicted activities were designed.     

除草定在土壤中的降解和移动特性研究

除草定是一种新型嘧啶类除草剂,其在环境中的归趋备受关注。采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了除草定在不同土壤中的降解性、吸附性和移动特性。结果表明,除草定在江西红壤、太湖水稻土和东北黑土中的降解半衰期分别为693.1、173.3、138.6 d,该药在土壤中降解较慢,影响其在土壤中降解速率的主要因素为土壤有机质。除草定在江西红壤、太湖水稻土与东北黑土中的吸附较好地符合Freundlich方程,Kd值分别为0.34、1.86和2.94;3种土壤对除草定的吸附过程为自发的物理吸附。薄层层析试验显示,当溶剂展开至11.5 cm处,除草定在江西红壤、太湖水稻土和东北黑土中最远移至8~10 cm处。影响除草定在土壤中吸附性和移动性的主要因素为土壤有机质含量。除草定存在对地下水污染的潜在风险性,使用除草定应该引起足够重视。     

北京市典型城区环境空气中苯系物的污染特征、来源分析与健康风险评价

自2013年6月以来,利用Airmo VOC在线分析仪在北京市典型城区开展了环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的连续观测,选取2014年4个季节中各1个月的苯系物在线数据,分析了其浓度水平、变化特征、光化学反应活性,利用美国环保署(US EPA)提出的健康风险评价方法开展了有毒有害苯系物物种的健康风险评价,结合来源分析结果,明确北京市应重点控制的苯系物污染来源。研究区观测期间环境空气中16种苯系物的质量浓度为(22.64±16.83)μg·m-3,且具有秋季冬季春季夏季的特点,其中BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯)的质量浓度为(19.27±14.46)μg·m-3,占苯系物浓度水平的41.09%~95.16%。研究区观测期间苯系物质量浓度夜间高于日间,日变化呈V字形,在13:00—15:00时质量浓度低。16种苯系物的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)的范围为66.62~170.67μg·m-3,其中间+对二甲苯、甲苯和邻二甲苯的OFP值相对较大;二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAFP)的范围为0.71~1.86μg·m-3,其中甲苯、间+对二甲苯和乙苯的SOAFP值相对较大。研究区观测期间6种苯系物(BTEX和苯乙烯)的危害指数在8.19E-03~5.01E-02之间,在4个季节中对暴露人群尚不存在非致癌性风险;而Ⅰ类致癌物质苯的风险值处于7.13E-08~8.13E-06之间,在夏、秋和冬季对研究区暴露人群的人体健康均存在潜在的致癌性风险。来源分析结果表明,研究区春、秋季苯系物主要来源于机动车尾气的排放,其中春季还受到溶剂等挥发的影响,夏、冬季苯系物则主要来自于燃煤源。