Effect of recent climate change on Arctic Pb pollution: a comparative study of historical records in lake and peat sediments

Historical changes of anthropogenic Pb pollution were reconstructed based on Pb concentrations and isotope ratios in lake and peat sediment profiles from Ny-?lesund of Arctic. The calculated excess Pb isotope ratios showed that Pb pollution largely came from west Europe and Russia. The peat profile clearly reflected the historical changes of atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic Pb into Ny-?lesund, and the result showed that anthropogenic Pb peaked at 1960s-1970s, and thereafter a significant recovery was observed by a rapid increase of (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios and a remarkable decrease in anthropogenic Pb contents. In contrast to the peat record, the longer lake record showed relatively high anthropogenic Pb contents and a persistent decrease of (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios within the uppermost samples, suggesting that climate-sensitive processes such as catchment erosion and meltwater runoff might have influenced the recent change of Pb pollution record in the High Arctic lake sediments.     

蒽降解菌T2的最佳培养条件及其对蒽的生物降解动力学研究

从长期被石油污染的土壤中筛选得到一株以蒽为惟一碳源的混合菌T₂,在接种量为1%,pH为7,温度为30 ℃,摇床转速为120 r/min,蒽的初始浓度为100 mg/L的条件下培养5 d后,其对蒽的降解率可以达到56.6%。通过单因素实验和正交实验对菌种T₂的培养条件进行研究,得到菌种T₂的最佳培养条件为：接种量为5%,pH为6,温度为35 ℃,蒽的初始浓度为40 mg/L时,最适合菌种生长。另外,菌种T₂对蒽的降解动力     

耐盐活性污泥驯化及其动力学实验研究

为探讨直接生物法处理环氧氯丙烷废水的可行性,对其活性污泥驯化过程和生物降解性能进行了研究。结果表明,经过长时间的驯化,活性污泥能够适应高盐度环境。污泥驯化过程中,污泥浓度保持稳定,含盐量从0.3%增加到3%,微生物的活性和耗氧速率随之降低,COD的去除率由96%下降至75%左右。同时,对环氧氯丙烷废水的生物降解动力学进...     

高浓度氨氮污泥脱滤液的半硝化实验研究

对高浓度氨氮污泥脱滤液进行了半硝化实验研究。运行结果表明,反应器进水氨氮浓度在402 mg/L、HRT=5.5 h、温度为22～31℃、DO〈1.0 mg/L、pH值在7.4～8.2时,半硝化反应器出水的NO 2--N/NH3-N维持在1.13～1.32,且负荷达到1.76 kg N/（m3.d）,NO2--N/NOx...     

蒽降解菌T2的最佳培养条件及其对蒽的生物降解动力学研究

从长期被石油污染的土壤中筛选得到一株以蒽为惟一碳源的混合菌T2,在接种量为1％,pH为7,温度为30℃,摇床转速为120r／min,蒽的初始浓度为100mg／L的条件下培养5d后,其对蒽的降解率可以达到56．6％。通过单因素实验和正交实验对菌种T2的培养条件进行研究,得到菌种T2的最佳培养条件为：接种量为5％,pH为6,温度为35℃,蒽的初始浓度为40mg／L时,最适合菌种生长。另外,菌种T2对蒽的降解动力学实验的结果表明,蒽的残留浓度Y（mg／L）与时间t（h）符合方程y=2．544e（-0.00275）t.     

Gene Cloning and Characterization of a Poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-Lactic Acid) Depolymerase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas</Emphasis> sp. Strain DS04-T

A gene encoding a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) depolymerase from Pseudomonas sp. strain DS04-T was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant PLA depolymerase with a molecular weight of 19.2 kDa was purified to homogeneity. The optimum pH and temperature of the PLA depolymerase are 8.5 and 60 °C, respectively. K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Ni²⁺ enhance the enzyme activity, while Na⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Co²⁺ inhibit it. The inhibition of different chemicals on the PLA depolymerase activity were examined, in which EDTA was found to have a significantly inhibitory effect. The main degradation product of the depolymerase is identified as lactic acid monomer by mass spectrometric analysis. Physicochemical properties, substrate specificity and sequence analysis indicated that PME is a new type of PLA depolymerase.     

一种系统化的生产安全事故分级新方法研究

为了强化《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》(493号令)对事故管理及其影响评价的重要作用。笔者在论证了关于提出事故分级新方法的必要性后,在前人已有研究成果的基础上,结合生产安全事故特点,初步提出了一种基于"人员伤亡、财产损失、社会影响和环境污染"四个指标的系统化事故分级新方法。该事故分级理念及方法能更好地切合生产安全事故定义,对新时期下事故分级理念中事故影响多样性内涵的引入是一种积极和有效的探索,具有一定意义。     

乌昌石区域化石燃料固定燃烧点源大气污染物排放清单及时空分布

建立了2015年乌昌石区域化石燃料固定燃烧点源大气污染物(NO_x、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10))的排放清单,并对污染物的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,2015年乌昌石区域化石燃料固定燃烧点源NO_x、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的年排放量分别为2.10×10~5、1.52×10~5、4.28×10~4、8.35×10~4 t。从行业上来看,电力生产与供应行业对NO_x、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的贡献率最大,分别为70.78%、66.56%、51.10%、49.98%;从化石燃料上来看,煤炭对NO_x、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的贡献率最大,分别为95.63%、99.84%、99.70%、99.84%;从锅炉类型上来看,煤粉炉对NO_x、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的贡献率最大,分别为84.20%、85.09%、83.43%、84.06%。固定燃烧点源污染物排放呈现出明显的时间变化特征,采暖季污染物排放量明显高于非采暖季,一天中白天的污染物排放量高于夜晚。空间分布显示,大气污染物的排放源主要集中在乌鲁木齐市、五家渠市和昌吉市。     

Surface ozone and meteorological condition in a single year at an urban site in central–eastern China

Surface ozone and some meteorological parameters were continuously measured from June 2003 to May 2004 at urban Jinan, China. The levels and variations of surface ozone were studied and the influences of meteorological parameters on ozone were analyzed. Annual and diurnal ozone variation patterns in Jinan both show a typical pattern for polluted urban areas. Daytime ozone concentrations in summer were the highest in the four seasons. However, during nighttime from 2100 to 0600 hours ozone concentrations in spring was higher than that in summer. Daily averaged ozone showed negative correlation with pressure and relative humidity and positive correlation with temperature, total solar radiation, sunshine duration and wind speed during the study period. Further studies show that, solar radiation is a primary influence factor for the daytime variations of ozone concentrations at this site; transport of pollutants by wind could enhance the pollution at this site; precipitation has a significant influence on decreasing surface ozone. A multi-day ozone episode from 16 to 21 June 2003 was observed at this site. Surface meteorological data analysis and backward trajectory computation show that the episode is associated with the influence of typhoon Soudelor, attributing to both local photochemical processes and transport of air pollutants from southeastern coastal region, especially Yangtze River Delta region.     

Analysis of a high PM10 episode observed at a coastal site nearby Shanghai, China

A high PM₁₀ episode observed at a coastal site nearby Shanghai during 18–19 January 2007 was analyzed in this study. The maximum hourly averaged PM₁₀ concentrations for the 2 days were 0.58 and 0.62 mg/m³, respectively. The meteorological condition during the episode was favorable for air pollution with large-scale stagnation. There was no dispersing effect by high wind, no scavenging function by precipitation, and no diluting process by clean marine air during the episode. The trajectories for 16–19 January all came from the northern region and kept in low levels, and during the episode peak time, from the morning of 18 to the morning of 19 January, trajectories all came from the northern inland areas and had passed over the coastal region of Jiangsu province before arriving at the site. The variation of the air pollution indexes (APIs) in the cities located in the upwind direction of the site during the episode days clearly shows a process of large-scale air pollution from north to south. The liner correlation coefficient for PM₁₀ and SO₂ concentrations is 0.774 during the episode, while for PM₁₀ and CO, it even reaches 0.995, which indicated that the high PM₁₀ was mainly emitted from the coal burning for domestic heating in winter. Therefore, the observed episode was caused by the transport of domestic heating pollutants accumulated in the boundary layer from northern continental areas.