亭子口库区水质汞的污染特征及建库后水体中汞的预测

亭子口水利枢纽位于喜陵江平流苍溪县城以上，１５ｋｍ处。本文根据嘉陵江广元段水质监测资料，分析库区地面水体中汞的现状污染特征，并运用沉积物的负指数方程预测库区建坝后水体中汞的浓度。     

胜利油田生活污水调查及评价

随着人民生活水平的提高，城市人均用水量逐年增加，伴随产生的生活污水已经成为不可忽视的污染源。胜利石油管理局供水公司于１９９３年对胜利油田的污水排放情况进行了调查，调查各单位职工住宅区和机关办公区所排放的生活污水的情况，包括排放生活污水单位的名称、人数、生活用水量、污水排放量和污水水质等，并提出了生活污水的治理对策。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF A SWEDISH AND A CHINESE HYDROLOGICAL MODEL1

ABSTRACT: There are a large number of conceptual hydrological models available today. It is not easy to immediately identify the similarities and differences between the different models. The Swedish HBV model and the Chinese Xinanjiang model are two examples of conceptual, semi-distributed, rainfall-runoff models. The Xinanjiang model was designed for use in humid and semi-humid regions, with no routine for the snowmelt runoff, whereas the snow routine is an important part of the HBV model in many applications. The model structures of the two models may be described in four routines, compared in this paper. The integral structures of them are similar, but there are some differences, especially in the runoff production routine. The physical significance and physical definitions of some model parameters were analyzed. Both models were tested in two basins. Both models gave similar results, and both models performed well in the application. The similarity of the results obtained by different model structures leads to the following two conclusions. First, more effort should probably be spent on the improvement of input data quality and coverage than on the development of more detailed model structures only. Second, inference about basin behavior and characteristics from the values of calibrated model parameters must be made with great caution.     

用灰色模型预测我国铁路水害发展趋势

根据近１５ａ来我国铁路水害年断道时间和断道次数的数据特点，将不同程度水害年分为三个等级。在此基础上，建立了铁路水害的灰色预测模型。并用此模型预测了近期铁路水害大小和远期的发展趋势。这对于我国铁路水害防治的宏观决策具有指导意义。     

土氡测量在地质灾害勘测中的干扰实验研究

对土氡勘测中来自测量过程、勘测场地条件、气象因素方面的常见干扰进行了实验研究，探讨了干扰机理，指出了定性及部分定量排除干扰的方法。     

北京地区15000年以来环境变迁中灾害性气候突变事件的讨论

通过高分辨率孢粉分析及烧失量、炭屑实验结果的统计分析，结合１４Ｃ、古地磁等，对北京房山东甘池１５０００ａ以来植被变化和环境变迁进行了较为深入的研究，特别强调气候变化的灾害性突变事件。初步得知约在１４１００～１４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．前后曾出现与哥得堡反转相对应的事件，在１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．左右出现类似与新仙女木事件相对应的事件，在大约５７７０ａＢ．Ｐ．和４５６０ａＢ．Ｐ．左右及２８５０～２６５０ａＢ．Ｐ．出现了大暖期的突然降温事件。     

人为泥石流灾害严重等级的定量模糊综合评判

根据神府－东胜矿区人为泥石流的调查分析，选择１５个因素（含５个主控因素）作为其严重程度的评价因子，确定了四值逻辑（严、中、轻、否）评判的定量标准。应用模糊综合评判和分层定量模糊综合评判两种方法对该煤田６５条泥石流沟的严重等级进行综合判别，准确性达９３．１％，它为保护该地煤田建设和工农业生产提供了重要的科学依据。     

建筑火灾区域模拟竖孔流动的计算

本文根据建筑火灾双层区域模拟思想，给出其常微分控制方程组，并分析了其压力求解方法，然后，运用伯努力利方程推导了相邻房间通过矩形竖孔（门或窗）的质量流率计算公式，还讨论了竖孔流动中性面产生条件。在此基础上，结合一两房间、两孔建筑中烟气运动实例，运用Ｃ．Ｗ．Ｇｅａｒ刚性稳定算法对火灾发展及烟气流动过程进行了数值模拟；给出各竖孔中性面位置、数量和各主环境之间通过竖孔的质量流率；还给出各房间气体平均温升、     

Accidents and risk control

A framework for transformation of knowledge and experience from risk analysis to emergency education is presented. An accident model was developed built on the concept “uncontrolled flow of energy (UFOE)”, where essential elements are the state, location and movement of the energy. A UFOE can be considered as the driving force of an accident, e.g. an explosion, a release of heavy gases. A domain model has been developed for representing emergencies occurring in society. A domain is a group of activities with allied goals and elements, and the domain model uses three main categories: status, context and objectives. Ten specific domains have been investigated including process plant, energy production and distribution, natural disasters and different sorts of transport. Totally 25 accident cases were consulted and information was extracted for filling into the schematic representations with two to four cases pr. specific domain.