Test of Firefighter’s Turnout Gear in Hot and Humid Air Exposure

Five students of a rescue training school cycled at 50 W for 20 min at 20 °C before walking at 5 km/hr up to 30 min in a climatic chamber at 55 °C and 30% relative humidity. 4 different types of clothing ensembles differing in terms of thickness and thermal insulation value were tested on separate days. All subjects completed 28–30 min in light clothing, but quit after 20–27 min in 3 firefighter ensembles due to a rectal temperature of 39 °C or subjective fatigue. No difference in the evolution of mean skin or rectal temperature was seen for the 3 turnout ensembles. Sweat production amounted to about 1000 g in the turnout gears of which less than 20% evaporated. It was concluded that the small differences between the turnout gears in terms of design, thickness and insulation value had no effect on the resulting heat physiological strain for the given experimental conditions.     

Woody Vegetation Composition and Structure in Peri-urban Chongming Island, China

Chongming, the world’s largest alluvial island, is located within the municipality of Shanghai, China. Recent projects have now linked peri-urban Chongming to Shanghai’s urban core and as a result will soon undergo substantial changes from urbanization. We quantitatively analyzed the structure and composition of woody vegetation across subtropical, peri-urban Chongming as a basis for sustainable management of these rapidly urbanizing subtropical ecosystems elsewhere. We used 178 permanent, random plots to statistically and spatially analyze woody plant composition and tree structure across the 1,041 km² of Chongming. A total of 2,251 woody plants were measured comprising 42 species in 37 genera. We statistically and geospatially analyzed field data according to land uses and modeled air pollution removal by trees. Average tree diameter at breast height, total height, and crown widths on transportation land uses were greater than other land uses. These same values were lowest on forest land use and greater tree cover was associated with areas of increased anthropogenic activity. Less than 20 % of the woody vegetation was exotic and a species richness index was significantly different between land uses due to legacy effects. Composition of agriculture and forest land uses were similar to residential and transportation. Tree cover across Chongming was also estimated to annually remove 1,400 tons of air pollutants. We propose that this integrated and quantitative method can be used in other subtropical, peri-urban areas in developing countries to establish baseline trends for future sustainability objectives and to monitor the effects of urbanization and climate change.     

安徽省农业灾害系统的灾度预评估研究

本文从区域灾害系统的概念出发,选用16项指标对安徽省农业灾害系统(79个县、市)进行了灾度的R型因子分析预评估,并探讨了灾度指数空间分异的基本格局及其成因。     

要强化减灾的非工程性措施

本文对我国目前在防减灾工程性措施方面存在的问题进行了分析探讨,阐述了在目前国情下强化减灾的非工程性措施的必要性和重要性,并对减灾的非工程性措施的具体作法进行了论述。     

含铁废料综合利用及污染防治措施

钢铁行业含铁泥浆的治理一直是个难题，文中就此给出了应用范例，即利用泥浆生产酸性炉料，用于高炉炼铁。并且对可能产生的污染进行了预测，提出了防治措施。     

环境教育是搞好环境保护的关键措施

环境教育是建立环境意识的基础，是防治环境污染的手段，是贯彻执行环境保护法规的保证，是搞好环境保护的关键措施。     

中国自然资源消耗与国家资源安全变化趋势

在大量消耗自然资源与付出一定环境代价的基础上 ,中国经济得以高速增长 ,未来我国将处于世界发展格局的工业文明边缘极 ,注定将消耗更多的自然资源 ,整个社会经济体系对自然资源和环境问题更为敏感 ,我国对国际自然资源的依存度越来越强 ,其它国家的“中国威胁感”增强。鉴于上述基本趋势 ,中国未来资源安全以不出现重大资源危机为目标相对合理 ,在争取资源安全策略方面应采取的方式为 :①逐渐调整我国社会经济结构 ,使之适应自然资源短缺的现实 ,使整个经济体系资源利用效率化 ;②科学地养护我国现有自然资源基础 ,提高自然资源供给能力 ,使其免遭不可恢复的破坏 ;③全面增强各领域的国际影响力 ,积极建造有利于我国充分利用外国资源的国际秩序。     

含油污泥脱水后焚烧处理应用与实践

介绍了石油开采炼制企业油泥的来源、基本成分、国内外处理油泥概况,重点论述了陕西延长石油集团目前油泥脱水脱油后焚烧的应用与实践,提出了今后此类油泥处理的可行办法。