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101.
Heat wave hazard classification and risk assessment using artificial intelligence fuzzy logic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iphigenia Keramitsoglou Chris T. Kiranoudis Bino Maiheu Koen De Ridder Ioannis A. Daglis Paolo Manunta Marc Paganini 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8239-8258
The average summer temperatures as well as the frequency and intensity of hot days and heat waves are expected to increase due to climate change. Motivated by this consequence, we propose a methodology to evaluate the monthly heat wave hazard and risk and its spatial distribution within large cities. A simple urban climate model with assimilated satellite-derived land surface temperature images was used to generate a historic database of urban air temperature fields. Heat wave hazard was then estimated from the analysis of these hourly air temperatures distributed at a 1-km grid over Athens, Greece, by identifying the areas that are more likely to suffer higher temperatures in the case of a heat wave event. Innovation lies in the artificial intelligence fuzzy logic model that was used to classify the heat waves from mild to extreme by taking into consideration their duration, intensity and time of occurrence. The monthly hazard was subsequently estimated as the cumulative effect from the individual heat waves that occurred at each grid cell during a month. Finally, monthly heat wave risk maps were produced integrating geospatial information on the population vulnerability to heat waves calculated from socio-economic variables. 相似文献
102.
Ilias N. Tziavos Thomas K. Alexandridis Borys Aleksandrov Agamemnon Andrianopoulos Ioannis D. Doukas Ion Grigoras Vassilios N. Grigoriadis Ioanna D. Papadopoulou Paraskevas Savvaidis Argyrios Stergioudis Liliana Teodorof Georgios S. Vergos Lyudmila Vorobyova Georgios C. Zalidis 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(8):492
103.
Leaching of the organophosphorus nematicide fosthiazate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karpouzas DG Pantelelis I Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U Golia E Tsiropoulos NG 《Chemosphere》2007,68(7):1359-1364
Fosthiazate is an organophosphorus nematicide which was recently included in Annex I of the Directive 91/414/EEC under the clause that it should be used with special care in soils vulnerable to leaching. Thus, the leaching of fosthiazate was investigated in columns packed with three different soils which represented situations of high (site 2), intermediate (site 1) and low (site 3) leaching potential. The recommended dose of fosthiazate was applied at the surface of the soil columns and fosthiazate fate and transport was investigated for the next two months. Fosthiazate concentrations in the leachate collected from the bottom of the columns packed with soil from site 2 exceeded 0.1 microgl(-1) in most cases. This soil was characterized as acidic, indicating longer fosthiazate persistence, with low organic matter content, indicating weak adsorption, thus representing a situation vulnerable to leaching. In contrast, the lowest concentrations of fosthiazate in the leachate were evident in the columns packed with soil from site 3. This soil was characterized as alkaline, indicating faster degradation, with higher organic matter content, indicating stronger adsorption, thus representing a situation not favoring leaching of fosthiazate. The highest concentration of fosthiazate in the leachate from the columns packed with soil from site 2 was 3.44 microgl(-1) compared to 1.17 and 0.16 microgl(-1), which were the corresponding maximum values measured in columns packed with soil from sites 1 and 3, respectively. The results of the current study further suggest that fosthiazate is mobile in soil and can leach under conducive soil conditions like acidic soils with low organic matter content. 相似文献
104.
Mavroidis I Gavriil I Chaloulakou A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(2):130-136
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.04.299
Goal, Scope and Background This paper describes a statistical modelling approach, suggested as a policy tool in the Athens area for the assessment of
the emissions reduction level required to meet the air quality standards for two criteria air pollutants, namely CO and NO2.
Methods. More than ten years of hourly CO and NOx-NO2 concentration data measured by the monitoring network of the Hellenic
Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works were analyzed and the original dataset has been reduced using
a data evaluation procedure.
Results and Discussion Seasonal pollutant concentration trends suggested that the reduction of CO and NOx concentrations observed in the beginning
of the '90s is almost entirely attributed to the increase of the catalyst-equipped cars during this period. The numerical
parameters of an empirical model relating EU standard exceedances with mean annual concentrations were defined and the model
was validated using datasets from years that were not used for the estimation of these parameters. This model was used in
conjunction with a roll-back equation as a policy tool for the assessment of the effect of different CO and NOx emissions
reduction scenarios on air quality standard compliance for CO and NO2. Results predicted with this empirical modelling approach
were assessed with monitored data averaged over a 3-year period, giving satisfactory results.
Conclusion A methodology suggested for assessing the effects of different emissions reduction scenarios on air quality standard attainment
was successfully applied for CO and NO2 in the Athens area.
Recommendation and Perspective The proposed methodology can provide a useful tool for the evaluation of policies already in progress as well as the development
of future policies for emissions reduction in urban areas with similar characteristics, aiming at air quality standard compliance
on a timely manner. Such a methodology could be applied in other urban areas of Greece characterized by dense traffic, therefore
assisting the development of national policies in relation to air pollutants for which standard exceedances occur. 相似文献
105.
The available expertise on managing and operating solid waste management (SWM) facilities varies among countries and among types of facilities. Few experts are willing to record their experience, while few researchers systematically investigate the chains of events that could trigger operational failures in a facility; expertise acquisition and dissemination, in SWM, is neither popular nor easy, despite the great need for it. This paper presents a knowledge acquisition process aimed at capturing, codifying and expanding reliable expertise and propagating it to non-experts. The knowledge engineer (KE), the person performing the acquisition, must identify the events (or causes) that could trigger a failure, determine whether a specific event could trigger more than one failure, and establish how various events are related among themselves and how they are linked to specific operational problems. The proposed process, which utilizes logic diagrams (fault trees) widely used in system safety and reliability analyses, was used for the analysis of 24 common landfill operational problems. The acquired knowledge led to the development of a web-based expert system (Landfill Operation Management Advisor, http://loma.civil.duth.gr), which estimates the occurrence possibility of operational problems, provides advice and suggests solutions. 相似文献
106.
Aikaterini Ioannis Vavouraki Evangelos Michael Angelis Michael Kornaros 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):740-745
Municipal Solid Wastes (MSWs) in Greece consist mainly of fermentable organic material such as food scraps (~50%) and paper residuals (~20%). The aim of this work was to study the thermo-chemical pretreatment of the kitchen waste (KW) fraction of MSW focusing on biotechnological exploitation of pretreated wastes for biofuel production. A representative sample of municipal food residues was derived by combining weighted amounts of each individual type of residue recognized in daily samples obtained from the University of Patras’ students restaurant located at the Students Residence Hall (Greece). Chemical pretreatment experiments of the representative KW sample were performed using several types of chemical solutions (i.e. H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, H2SO3) of different solute concentration (0.7%, 1.5%, 3%) at three temperatures (50, 75, 120 °C) and a range of residence times (30–120 min). Optimized results proved that chemical pretreatment of KW, using either 1.12% HCl for 94 min or 1.17% HCl for 86 min (at 100 °C), increased soluble sugars concentration by 120% compared to untreated KW. The increase of soluble sugars was mainly attributed to the mono-sugars glucose and fructose. 相似文献
107.
Dimitrios Melas Ioannis Kioutsioukis Ioannis C. Ziomas 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):495-501
ABSTRACT In this paper, an attempt is made for the 24-hr prediction of photochemical pollutant levels using a neural network model. For this purpose, a model is developed that relates peak pollutant concentrations to meteorological and emission variables and indexes. The analysis is based on measurements of O3 and NO2 from the city of Athens. The meteorological variables are selected to cover atmospheric processes that determine the fate of the airborne pollutants while special care is taken to ensure the availability of the required input data from routine observations or forecasts. The comparison between model predictions and actual observations shows a good agreement. In addition, a series of sensitivity tests is performed in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the model to the uncertainty in meteorological variables. Model forecasts are generally rather insensitive to small perturbations in most of the input meteorological data, while they are relatively more sensitive in changes in wind speed and direction. 相似文献
108.
Ioannis Papoulidis Elisavet Siomou Alexandros Sotiriadis George Efstathiou Anastasia Psara Eirini Sevastopoulou Eleftherios Anastasakis Stavros Sifakis Theodora Tsiligianni Maria Kontodiou Christine Malamaki Maria Tzimina Michael Bjorn Petersen Emmanouil Manolakos Apostolos Athanasiadis 《黑龙江环境通报》2012,32(7):680-685
109.
110.
Ioannis E. Nikolaou Athanasios Chymis Konstantinos Evangelinos 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2013,18(6):615-628
This paper examines the problem of asymmetric information in financial markets due to a lack of essential environmental information. The literature indicates that asymmetric information generates various problems for the actors of financial markets such as incomplete information for investment decisions and lending procedures, misallocation of financial market funds, the underestimating of stock price securities, and poor environmental risk management choices. To this end, this paper develops a game-theoretic approach to examine both the persistent nature of asymmetric information caused by the absence of accurate environmental information and to indicate how a well-organized, trustworthy, internationally agreed auditing accounting certification scheme could play a critical role in limiting the magnitude of this problem. 相似文献