污泥水煤浆的基础特性研究

通过与纯水煤浆的对比实验,分析了污泥添加量对水煤浆流变性、稳定性及燃烧等基础特性的影响。结果表明,在污泥添加比例为5％～10％,分散剂用量为0．6％～1．2％,稳定剂用量为0．1％的情况下,可以得到流变性和稳定性良好的污泥水煤浆。随着水煤浆中污泥添加比例的提高,着火温度T1降低,燃尽温度提前,燃烧特性变好。管式炉中燃烧实验表明,试样中硫析出率随温度的升高而增大,而污泥水煤浆比纯水煤浆具有更好的固硫效果。     

Assessment of risk to humans of bisphenol A in marine and freshwater fish from Pearl River Delta, China

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production-volume chemical used in the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. However it is also a ubiquitous contaminant that can interfere with endocrine systems of wildlife and humans. China is the “world factory” and the Pearl River Delta is the major manufacturing center and is consequently polluted. Concentrations of BPA in meats of marketable fish had not been previously reported for this region. In the study upon which we report here concentrations of BPA were determined in 20 common species of freshwater and marine fish, collected from markets in Hong Kong, SAR, China. A comprehensive analytical method based on SPE extraction and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed, validated and applied. The method limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 and 1.25 ng g⁻¹ dw, respectively. BPA was detected in 19 species of fish at concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ng g⁻¹ ww. Average daily BPA intake per person ranged from 1.1 × 10² ng d⁻¹ for marine fish and 2.2 × 10² ng d⁻¹ for freshwater fish. Concentrations of BPA in fish from Hong Kong markets unlikely would be causing adverse population-level effects in humans.     

Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate on gonadal development of male mice

Purpose

In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal transfer of bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) during gestational and weaning periods on gonadal development of male offspring.

Methods

Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered by gavages in corn oil with 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day of BPA and DEHP from gestational days (GD1?C21) to the weaning period (postnatal days (PND) 1?C21).

Results

Our data indicated that the exposure significantly reduced the male-to-female sex ratio and the sizes of the gonads of male pups as recorded at PND15. The testes of the perinatally exposed male pups were developed less and the expression levels of testicular anti-mullerian hormone, androgen receptor, cyclin A, and StAR were significantly lesser than the control male pups. The less developed testes were accompanied with significant reductions in the expression levels of Gnrh and Fsh at the hypothalamic?Cpituitary levels. The negative effects were found to be persistent in the sexually mature pups at PND42.

Conclusion

Our data reveal that the maternal transfer of BPA and DEHP may impose negative influence on the development and functions of the reproductive system of male pups.     

金属铁去除水中Cr~（6＋）的影响因素研究

研究Fe/Cr6＋比值和不同浓度的NO3-、Cl-和SO42-对金属铁去除Cr6＋效果的影响。结果表明,金属铁对水中Cr6＋有很好的还原去除效果;当金属铁的使用量为Cr6＋量的1/2 000时,铁对Cr6＋的去除效果较差且易失去活性,而当金属铁的使用量为Cr6＋量的8 000倍时,铁对Cr6＋的去除效果较好且其活性的持续性较强;3种阴离子（NO3-、Cl-和SO42-）均能提高金属铁对重金属Cr6＋去除率,但在反应初期,3种阴离子对金属铁去除水中Cr6＋影响的差异性不显著,随着反应时间的增加,SO24-对金属铁去除水中Cr6＋的促进作用逐渐强于Cl-和NO3-,3种阴离子对金属铁去除Cr6＋效率促进作用的大小顺序为SO24-〉Cl-〉NO3-。     

非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cd^2＋和Cu^2＋的吸附特性研究

对比了不同吸附剂对重金属的吸附效果,同时研究了啤酒酵母的固定化方法、菌体用量对吸附效果的影响、非同定化和固定化啤酒酵母吸附热力学特性。研究结果表明,非固定化死啤酒酵母对Cd^2＋的单位菌体吸附量是常用吸附剂活性炭的3倍;由1：3的海藻酸钠与碱处理啤酒酵母（w／w）制得的固定化颗粒吸附效果最好;菌体用量的增加会降低单位菌体对重金属的吸附量;啤酒酵母对重金属的吸附位点有限,Cd^2＋的实际最大吸附量为13．95mg／g,Cu^2＋为7．67μg／g。非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的等温吸附过程均可用Linear方程、Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程来进行拟合,但非同定化啤酒酵母以Langmuir方程最优,其拟合计算的最大吸附量qmzxCd和qmxxCu分别为13．96mg／g和8．01mg／g;固定化啤酒酵母以Freundlich方程最优,实际最大吸附量Cd为75．41mg／g,Cu为66．58mg／g。     

排污申报登记应走出污染源调查的误区

通过对排污申报登记与污染源调查的差异分析,指出排污申报登记不同于污染源调查。针对当前排污申报登记工作中存在的误区,提出了走出误区的对策与建议     

基于模糊权物元理论的地下水水质评价模型构建及应用

在物元分析的基础上,结合模糊权重理论与层次分析方法,构建用于评价地下水水质的模糊权物元分析模型。应用此模型对徐州市的重要水源地——张集水源地的地下水水质进行了综合评价。选取数据较为完整的20个监测井的监测数据进行评价。结果表明,研究区的20个采样点水质为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占95%,绝大多数地下水水质较好,符合饮用水的要求。与投影寻踪法和模糊概率法的评价结果比较发现,得出的评价结果与以上2种评价结果基本一致。     

TF5池火平均质量损失速率简化模型及其高原环境下的适用性研究

通过池火在常压环境下燃烧时的质量损失机理分析,对火灾探测中欧洲标准试验火TF5(正庚烷池火)归纳推导出以辐射热反馈为主导的质量损失速率简化模型,并推广到拉萨高原低压环境.该模型建立了TF5池火平均质量损失速率与火焰温度四次方的正比关系,通过对火焰温度的测量,确定燃料液面所受的辐射热反馈功率,从而推算出燃料的平均质量损失速率.同时结合合肥及拉萨两地的TF5标准火实验,对模型进行了验证,实验结果表简化模型能够反映出不同气压下TF5池火燃烧的主要过程.     

强地震动作用下地基土-地铁隧道结构的动力接触效应

将地基土-地铁隧道结构体系视为平面应变问题,采用记忆型嵌套面粘塑性动力本构模型和动塑性损伤模型,分别模拟土体和隧道结构混凝土的动力特性,用点-线接触单元模型描述强地震动作用下地基土-地铁隧道之间的相对滑移,利用罚函数法和拉格朗日乘子法求解动力接触效应,建立土-地铁隧道非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型,分析了动力接触效应对地基土-地铁隧道之间的法向接触压应力、切向接触剪应力和切向滑移的影响规律。结果表明:罚函数法比拉格朗日乘子法更适用于求解强地震动作用下地基土-地铁隧道之间的动力接触问题;与地基土-地铁隧道变形协调假定的计算结果相比较,动力接触效应使地铁隧道的地震加速度反应有所增大。     

宋至清荆江南岸分流四口的演变

在历史时期荆江地区的经济开发与江湖关系的演变历程中,分流诸口是极其重要的影响因素。以宋至清的志书为主要资料,立足于历史学的实证方法,以今荆江南岸存在的4个分流穴口,即虎渡口、调弦口、藕池口和松滋口为主要对象,考察四口在宋元明清时期的分塞情况,并对今人存在的一些认识进行了辨析。其中,虎渡河的形成时间说法不一,南宋以后,虎渡口逐渐形成稳定分流。调弦口自元代大德年间开浚后时开时塞,直至清朝才基本保持分流,1958年调关设置后此口渐废。藕池口早在五代时即已存在,北宋以后湮塞,直至1852年藕池堤溃不筑,藕池河再次形成。松滋河则在1869年以前由于黄家埠堤溃决而形成。研究表明,宋代以降,四口的分塞情况较为复杂,因此,考察荆江穴口分流与湮塞的历史变迁,厘清以往的相关歧见,将有助于更正确、客观地理解今天的人地关系、江湖关系的格局及其走向。