全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11191篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 61篇 |
废物处理 | 825篇 |
环保管理 | 1469篇 |
综合类 | 1224篇 |
基础理论 | 3427篇 |
环境理论 | 3篇 |
污染及防治 | 2121篇 |
评价与监测 | 1126篇 |
社会与环境 | 981篇 |
灾害及防治 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 38篇 |
2021年 | 39篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 30篇 |
2018年 | 1511篇 |
2017年 | 1406篇 |
2016年 | 1238篇 |
2015年 | 174篇 |
2014年 | 77篇 |
2013年 | 106篇 |
2012年 | 546篇 |
2011年 | 1440篇 |
2010年 | 749篇 |
2009年 | 670篇 |
2008年 | 953篇 |
2007年 | 1306篇 |
2006年 | 67篇 |
2005年 | 83篇 |
2004年 | 98篇 |
2003年 | 114篇 |
2002年 | 151篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
International environmental agreements (IEAs) can coordinate abatement of transboundary pollutants. This paper investigates
how heterogeneous countries facing a stock pollutant might structure such an agreement. In particular, we examine how an IEA
might be implemented with a set of monetary transfers. The focus is on transfers that are time invariant, linear in emissions,
and consistent with budget balance. There is a range of such schemes that would induce efficient emissions. We provide a simple
and intuitive characterization of these penalties and describe how specific proposals might be chosen in order to facilitate
compliance and implementation. Our proposals are illustrated with a simple example. We show that heterogeneity reduces the
scope for penalty schemes to jointly satisfy desirable properties. 相似文献
112.
Kazuharu Yoshizuka Syouhei Nishihama Hideki Sato 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):297-302
The objective of this study was to survey the cation and anion contents of geothermal waters to gather fundamental information
on geographical variations. Sixteen sites in hot spring areas on the island of Kyushu in Japan were studied. The study focused
on the arsenic content of the samples. Very high arsenic concentrations (more than 0.1 mg/l) were detected in most of the
geothermal waters sampled. High contents of boron and fluoride (more than 1.0 mg/l) were also detected in some samples. Arsenic
removal was performed on a laboratory scale using columns packed with a magnetite-type adsorbent. The reduction of arsenic
contamination to a concentration of less than 0.01 mg/l could be achieved in the early stages of adsorption (bed volume = 200). 相似文献
113.
114.
创刊于1972年12月的《文教资料简报》是由南京师范学院(1984年易名为南京师范大学)内部编印的资料性月刊,主要目的是为文科教研服务。本文回顾该刊从创办至拥有"统一刊号"、从非正式出版物至成为正式出版物的历史沿革,具体观照该刊的编辑理念,总结该刊的内容特色、文献价值及经验启示。 相似文献
115.
The Role of Disaggregation of Asset Values in Flood Loss Estimation: A Comparison of Different Modeling Approaches at the Mulde River,Germany 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Anja Wünsch Ulrich Herrmann Heidi Kreibich Annegret H. Thieken 《Environmental management》2009,44(3):524-541
In loss estimation there is a spatial mismatch of hazard data that are commonly modeled on an explicit raster level and exposure
data that are often available only for aggregated administrative units. Usually disaggregation methods that use ancillary
information to distribute lumped exposure data in a finer spatial resolution help to bridge this gap. However, the actual
influence of different mapping techniques and ancillary data on the final loss estimation has not been analyzed yet. In this
paper three methods are applied to disaggregate residential building assets using two kinds of land use/land cover (LULC)
data. The resulting disaggregated assets are validated and compared using census data of the residential building number on
the community and constituency level. In addition, the disaggregated assets are taken to estimate residential building losses
due to the flood in August 2002 in 21 municipalities on the River Mulde in Saxony, Germany. Losses are calculated with the
help of four loss models. In general, disaggregation helps to decrease the error variance within the loss estimation. It must,
however, be stated that the application of sophisticated disaggregation methods does not lead to significant improvements
compared to the straightforward binary method. Therefore more effort should instead be put into the provision of high-resolution
LULC data. Finally, the remaining uncertainties in loss estimation are high and demand further improvements in all modeling
aspects. 相似文献
116.
117.
118.
Rene Van Berkel 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(7):1556-1565
Since 1994 UNIDO and UNEP cooperate in a Programme to establish National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs) as a mechanism for delivery of Cleaner Production (CP) services to businesses, governments and other organisations. In 2007, 38 NCPCs were operational in 37 developing and transition countries. While initially set up in near-identical ways in each country, over time NCPCs evolved in response to both programme-internal and country-level factors. The resulting diversity among NCPCs is described and analysed here. Differentiation and specialisation had occurred in service areas or topics both within and between NCPCs, however without a clear strategy for integration and synergy. NCPCs were becoming part of expanding networks of business services providers nationally forcing some to focus on audit and training services (tier 1), and others on specialist services in CP technology and/or policy (tier 2) and/or networking services (tier 3). All NCPCs were on a trajectory from a project management organisation to a nationally-owned entity. The different management requirements were not proactively managed and technical aspects of CP service delivery overshadowed institutional and governance aspects of establishing and operating the NCPC institution. Differences in service delivery methods between NCPCs are most evident in three service areas: CP assessments; policy advice; and transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies. It is argued here that understanding root causes and benefits of this presently-observed differentiation, could lay the foundation for capturing and advancing best practice CP concepts, methods and policies. This in turn would enable strategic planning for customised interventions and support at the national level. 相似文献
119.
Adaptive maritime spatial planning (MSP) uses monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of spatial and temporal management
measures to promote understanding and improve planning and decision-making. An adaptive approach to MSP involves exploring
alternative ways to meet management objectives, predicting the outcomes of alternative management measures, implementing one
or more of these alternative management measures, monitoring to learn about the effects of management measures, and then using
the results to update knowledge and adjust management actions. A monitoring and evaluation plan should be designed to be both
cost effective and comprehensive. The process of setting and assessing performance metrics requires that the ecological and
socio-economic objectives of the spatial management plan must be clearly stated up front for management actions to reflect
those objectives accurately. To evaluate the effectiveness of a MSP plan, a range of ecological, socio-economic and institutional
indicators need to be developed and monitored. 相似文献
120.
In this paper, we explore a range of concerns that arise in measuring short-term effects of ozone on health. In particular,
we tackle the problem of measuring exposure using alternative daily measures of ozone derived from hourly concentrations.
We adopt the exposure paradigm of Chiogna and Bellini (Environmetrics 13:55–69, 2002) extending it to ozone concentrations,
and we compare its performances with respect to traditional exposure measures by exploiting model selection. To investigate
the stability of model selection, we then apply the idea of bootstrapping the modelling process. 相似文献