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301.
Maxine Thorel Herve Piégay Carole Barthelemy Bianca Räpple Charles-Robin Gruel Pierre Marmonier Thierry Winiarski Jean-Philippe Bedell Fanny Arnaud Gwenaelle Roux Jonh C Stella Gabrielle Seignemartin Alvaro Tena-Pagan Vincent Wawrzyniak Dad Roux-Michollet Benjamin Oursel Stéphanie Fayolle Céline Bertrand Evelyne Franquet 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(7):2019-2031
River restoration efforts require interdisciplinary approaches involving fluvial geomorphology, hydraulic engineering, ecology, sedimentology, chemistry, social geography, and sociology. We investigated the functioning of artificial structures called “Casiers Girardon” (groyne fields) in the Rhône River. We assessed potential benefits and risks linked to removing the Rhône groyne fields in a restoration context, with particular focus on the potential for increased bank erosion. Hydraulic, morphological, chemical, ecological, and social issues resulting from dismantlement were studied for terrestrialized and aquatic Casiers Girardon. Only 10% of Casiers Girardon have maintained their aquatic features, whereas most of the Casiers are terrestrialized. Our results help to confirm the effectiveness of restoration actions; however, they also indicate uncertainties and additional knowledge needs, especially in regard to potential incompatibilities between Casier restoration and conservation. Then, an interdisciplinary conceptual model was developed to identify interventions to be considered in Casiers Girardon, according to their terrestrialization rate and physiochemical characteristics (connectivity, amount of gravel vs. fine sediment, contamination level). This model synthetizes scientific results and expert judgment and provides management recommendations based on ecological and sociological expectations about the restoration of Casiers Girardon. The model highlights high heterogeneity in functioning and ecological potential between terrestrialized and aquatic Casiers. Dismantling of terrestrialized Casiers has strong potential to provide multiple benefits, whereas aquatic Casiers could be maintained as valuable backwaters. The managing guidelines for the Casiers Girardon of the Rhône River should be adapted according to local conditions, as well as expected benefits and needs, and conducted in co-ordination with all actors involved in and affected by the restoration. 相似文献
302.
Regional Environmental Change - Seasonal runoff generation in a headwater (~100 km2) of the mountainous Sugnugr Basin, situated within the discontinuous permafrost zone of... 相似文献
303.
Policy challenges and approaches for the conservation of mangrove forests in Southeast Asia 下载免费PDF全文
Daniel A. Friess Benjamin S. Thompson Ben Brown A. Aldrie Amir Clint Cameron Heather J. Koldewey Sigit D. Sasmito Frida Sidik 《Conservation biology》2016,30(5):933-949
Many drivers of mangrove forest loss operate over large scales and are most effectively addressed by policy interventions. However, conflicting or unclear policy objectives exist at multiple tiers of government, resulting in contradictory management decisions. To address this, we considered four approaches that are being used increasingly or could be deployed in Southeast Asia to ensure sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. First, a stronger incorporation of mangroves into marine protected areas (that currently focus largely on reefs and fisheries) could resolve some policy conflicts and ensure that mangroves do not fall through a policy gap. Second, examples of community and government comanagement exist, but achieving comanagement at scale will be important in reconciling stakeholders and addressing conflicting policy objectives. Third, private‐sector initiatives could protect mangroves through existing and novel mechanisms in degraded areas and areas under future threat. Finally, payments for ecosystem services (PES) hold great promise for mangrove conservation, with carbon PES schemes (known as blue carbon) attracting attention. Although barriers remain to the implementation of PES, the potential to implement them at multiple scales exists. Closing the gap between mangrove conservation policies and action is crucial to the improved protection and management of this imperiled coastal ecosystem and to the livelihoods that depend on them. 相似文献
304.
Louzon Maxime Devalloir Quentin Gimbert Frédéric Pauget Benjamin Rieffel Dominique de Vaufleury Annette 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17343-17354
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - An accurate assessment of the environmental risk of soils contaminated by metal(loid)s (MEs) requires quantifying exposure and knowing the toxicity of... 相似文献
305.
Louzon Maxime Gimbert Frédéric Belly Thibault Amiot Caroline Pauget Benjamin de Vaufleury Annette Capelli Nicolas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43629-43642
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To date, no study has linked the environmental and the ecogenotoxicological bioavailability of contaminants to land snails. Yet, understanding the... 相似文献
306.
San Martini FM West JJ de Foy B Molina LT Molina MJ Sosa G McRae GJ 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(6):803-815
Based on data from the 1997 Investigación sobre Materia Particulada y Deterioro Atmosférico-Aerosol and Visibility Evaluation Research (IMADA-EVER) campaign and the inorganic aerosol model ISORROPIA, the response of inorganic aerosols to changes in precursor concentrations was calculated. The aerosol behavior is dominated by the abundance of ammonia and thus, changes in ammonia concentration are expected to have a small effect on particle concentrations. Changes in sulfate and nitrate are expected to lead to proportional reductions in inorganic fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Comparing the predictions of ISORROPIA with the observations, the lowest bias and error are achieved when the aerosols are assumed to be in the efflorescence branch. Including crustal species reduces the bias and error for nitrate but does not improve overall model performance. The estimated response of inorganic PM2.5 to changes in precursor concentrations is affected by the inclusion of crustal species in some cases, although average responses are comparable with and without crustal species. Observed concentrations of particle chloride suggest that gas phase concentrations of hydrogen chloride may not be negligible, and future measurement campaigns should include observations to test this hypothesis. Our ability to model aerosol behavior in Mexico City and, thus, design control strategies, is constrained primarily by a lack of observations of gas phase precursors. Future campaigns should focus in particular on better understanding the temporal and spatial distribution of ammonia concentrations. In addition, gas phase observations of nitric acid are needed, and a measure of particle water content will allow stable versus metastable aerosol behavior to be distinguished. 相似文献
307.
Renshaw CE Bostick BC Feng X Wong CK Winston ES Karimi R Folt CL Chen CY 《Journal of environmental quality》2006,35(1):61-67
Increasing development of historic farmlands raises questions regarding the fate of pesticides applied when these land were in cultivation. We quantified As and Pb budgets in field soils in two orchards where arsenical pesticides were applied in the early 20th century and a third uncontaminated control field. Sequential extractions and X-ray analyses also were used to determine mineral phases. In addition, we measured metal loads in drainages adjacent to the fields and in two common macroinvertebrate taxa within the wetland at the outlet of the drainages. We find that the applied As and Pb have undergone little vertical redistribution; concentrations of As and Pb in the top 25 cm of contaminated orchard soils are higher than in the uncontaminated control field. However, none of the applied lead arsenate (PbHAsO4) remains in its original mineral phase. Instead, the metals are now primarily adsorbed onto fine silt and clay-sized amorphous oxides and organic matter. Further, physical erosion associated with tilling and replanting appears to have mobilized the fine-particulate-bound As and Pb in one orchard. The remobilized metals are found in sediments in the stream channel draining the tilled orchard. It is unclear if the As and Pb transported sediments are biologically active; average macroinvertebrate metal burdens in the wetland are not elevated above those observed elsewhere in the region. However, little of the mobilized metals may have reached the wetland. These results demonstrate that land use change can significantly impact the retention of arsenical pesticides. 相似文献
308.
Modelling of the fate of selected endocrine disruptors in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in South East Queensland, Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The aim of this study was to develop a fugacity-based analysis of the fate of selected industrial compounds (alkylphenols and phthalates) with endocrine disrupting properties in a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP A) in South East Queensland, Australia. Using mass balance principles, a fugacity model was developed for correlating and predicting the steady-state-phase concentrations, the process stream fluxes, and the fate of four phthalates and four alkylphenols in WWTP A. Input data are the compound's physicochemical properties, measured concentrations and the plant's operating design and parameters. The relative amounts of chemicals that are likely to be volatilized, sorbed to sludge, biotransformed, and discharge in the effluent water was determined. Since it was difficult to predict biotransformation, measured concentrations were used to calibrate the model in terms of biotransformation rate constant. Results obtained by applying the model for the eight compounds showed <40% differences between most of the estimated and measured data from WWTP A. All eight compounds that were modelled in this study had high removal efficacy from WWTP A. Apart from benzyl butyl phthalate and bisphenol A, the majority is removed via biotransformation followed by a lesser proportion removed with the primary sludge. Fugacity analysis provides useful insight into compound fate in a WWTP and with further calibration and validation the model should be useful for correlative and predictive purposes. 相似文献
309.
Putting vulnerability to climate change on the map: a review of approaches, benefits, and risks 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
There is growing demand among stakeholders across public and private institutions for spatially-explicit information regarding
vulnerability to climate change at the local scale. However, the challenges associated with mapping the geography of climate
change vulnerability are non-trivial, both conceptually and technically, suggesting the need for more critical evaluation
of this practice. Here, we review climate change vulnerability mapping in the context of four key questions that are fundamental
to assessment design. First, what are the goals of the assessment? A review of published assessments yields a range of objective
statements that emphasize problem orientation or decision-making about adaptation actions. Second, how is the assessment of
vulnerability framed? Assessments vary with respect to what values are assessed (vulnerability of what) and the underlying
determinants of vulnerability that are considered (vulnerability to what). The selected frame ultimately influences perceptions
of the primary driving forces of vulnerability as well as preferences regarding management alternatives. Third, what are the
technical methods by which an assessment is conducted? The integration of vulnerability determinants into a common map remains
an emergent and subjective practice associated with a number of methodological challenges. Fourth, who participates in the
assessment and how will it be used to facilitate change? Assessments are often conducted under the auspices of benefiting
stakeholders, yet many lack direct engagement with stakeholders. Each of these questions is reviewed in turn by drawing on
an illustrative set of 45 vulnerability mapping studies appearing in the literature. A number of pathways for placing vulnerability
mapping on a more robust footing are also identified. 相似文献
310.
Physiological effects of nanoparticles on fish: a comparison of nanometals versus metal ions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The use of nanoscale materials is growing exponentially, but there are also concerns about the environmental hazard to aquatic biota. Metal-containing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are an important group of these new materials, and are often made of one metal (e.g., Cu-NPs and Ag-NPs), metal oxides (e.g., ZnO and TiO(2) NPs), or composite of several metals. The physiological effects and toxicity of trace metals in the traditional dissolved form are relatively well known and the overall aim of this review was to use our existing conceptual framework of metal toxicity in fish to compare and contrast the effects of nanometals. Conceptually, there are some fundamental differences that relate to bioavailability and uptake. The chemistry and behaviour of nanometals involves dynamic aspects of aggregation theory, rather than the equilibrium models traditionally used for free metal ions. Some NPs, such as Cu-NPs, may also release free metal ions from the surface of the particle. Biological uptake of NPs is not likely via ion transporters, but endocytosis is a possible uptake mechanism. The body distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nanometals is poorly understood and hampered by a lack of methods for measuring NPs in tissues. Although data sets are still limited, emerging studies on the acute toxicity of nanometals have so far shown that these materials can be lethal to fish in the mg-μgl(-1) range, depending on the type of material. Evidence suggests that some nanometals can be more acutely toxic to some fish than dissolved forms. For example, juvenile zebrafish have a 48-h LC(50) of about 0.71 and 1.78mgl(-1) for nano- and dissolved forms of Cu respectively. The acute toxicity of metal NPs is not always explained, or only partly explained, by the presence of free metal ions; suggesting that other novel mechanisms may be involved in bioavailability. Evidence suggests that nanometals can cause a range of sublethal effects in fish including respiratory toxicity, disturbances to trace elements in tissues, inhibition of Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, and oxidative stress. Organ pathologies from nanometals can be found in a range of organs including the gill, liver, intestine, and brain. These sublethal effects suggest some common features in the sublethal responses to nanometals compared to metal salts. Effects on early life stages of fish are also emerging, with reports of nanometals crossing the chorion (e.g., Ag-NPs), and suggestions that the nano-forms of some metals (Cu-NPs and ZnO NPs) may be more toxic to embryos or juveniles, than the equivalent metal salt. It remains possible that nanometals could interfere with, and/or stimulate stress responses in fish; but data has yet to be collected on this aspect. We conclude that nanometals do have adverse physiological effects on fish, and the hazard for some metal NPs will be different to the traditional dissolved forms of metals. 相似文献