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371.
The Challenges of Incorporating Cultural Ecosystem Services into Environmental Assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Debra Satz Rachelle K. Gould Kai M. A. Chan Anne Guerry Bryan Norton Terre Satterfield Benjamin S. Halpern Jordan Levine Ulalia Woodside Neil Hannahs Xavier Basurto Sarah Klain 《Ambio》2013,42(6):675-684
The ecosystem services concept is used to make explicit the diverse benefits ecosystems provide to people, with the goal of improving assessment and, ultimately, decision-making. Alongside material benefits such as natural resources (e.g., clean water, timber), this concept includes—through the ‘cultural’ category of ecosystem services—diverse non-material benefits that people obtain through interactions with ecosystems (e.g., spiritual inspiration, cultural identity, recreation). Despite the longstanding focus of ecosystem services research on measurement, most cultural ecosystem services have defined measurement and inclusion alongside other more ‘material’ services. This gap in measurement of cultural ecosystem services is a product of several perceived problems, some of which are not real problems and some of which can be mitigated or even solved without undue difficulty. Because of the fractured nature of the literature, these problems continue to plague the discussion of cultural services. In this paper we discuss several such problems, which although they have been addressed singly, have not been brought together in a single discussion. There is a need for a single, accessible treatment of the importance and feasibility of integrating cultural ecosystem services alongside others. 相似文献
372.
Putting vulnerability to climate change on the map: a review of approaches, benefits, and risks 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
There is growing demand among stakeholders across public and private institutions for spatially-explicit information regarding
vulnerability to climate change at the local scale. However, the challenges associated with mapping the geography of climate
change vulnerability are non-trivial, both conceptually and technically, suggesting the need for more critical evaluation
of this practice. Here, we review climate change vulnerability mapping in the context of four key questions that are fundamental
to assessment design. First, what are the goals of the assessment? A review of published assessments yields a range of objective
statements that emphasize problem orientation or decision-making about adaptation actions. Second, how is the assessment of
vulnerability framed? Assessments vary with respect to what values are assessed (vulnerability of what) and the underlying
determinants of vulnerability that are considered (vulnerability to what). The selected frame ultimately influences perceptions
of the primary driving forces of vulnerability as well as preferences regarding management alternatives. Third, what are the
technical methods by which an assessment is conducted? The integration of vulnerability determinants into a common map remains
an emergent and subjective practice associated with a number of methodological challenges. Fourth, who participates in the
assessment and how will it be used to facilitate change? Assessments are often conducted under the auspices of benefiting
stakeholders, yet many lack direct engagement with stakeholders. Each of these questions is reviewed in turn by drawing on
an illustrative set of 45 vulnerability mapping studies appearing in the literature. A number of pathways for placing vulnerability
mapping on a more robust footing are also identified. 相似文献
373.
Modelling of the fate of selected endocrine disruptors in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in South East Queensland, Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The aim of this study was to develop a fugacity-based analysis of the fate of selected industrial compounds (alkylphenols and phthalates) with endocrine disrupting properties in a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP A) in South East Queensland, Australia. Using mass balance principles, a fugacity model was developed for correlating and predicting the steady-state-phase concentrations, the process stream fluxes, and the fate of four phthalates and four alkylphenols in WWTP A. Input data are the compound's physicochemical properties, measured concentrations and the plant's operating design and parameters. The relative amounts of chemicals that are likely to be volatilized, sorbed to sludge, biotransformed, and discharge in the effluent water was determined. Since it was difficult to predict biotransformation, measured concentrations were used to calibrate the model in terms of biotransformation rate constant. Results obtained by applying the model for the eight compounds showed <40% differences between most of the estimated and measured data from WWTP A. All eight compounds that were modelled in this study had high removal efficacy from WWTP A. Apart from benzyl butyl phthalate and bisphenol A, the majority is removed via biotransformation followed by a lesser proportion removed with the primary sludge. Fugacity analysis provides useful insight into compound fate in a WWTP and with further calibration and validation the model should be useful for correlative and predictive purposes. 相似文献
374.
Masanabo Ntombenhle Orimolade Benjamin Idris Azeez O. Nkambule Thabo T. I. Mamba Bhekie B. Feleni Usisipho 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(6):14062-14090
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Globally, ibuprofen is the third most consumed drug and its presence in the environment is a concern because little is known about its adverse effects... 相似文献
375.
During early development, oviparous fish species must use finite lipid and fatty acid (FA) reserves for both catabolism and structural components. In cold environments, developing fish have the additional constraint of maintaining membrane fluidity for metabolic efficiency (homeoviscous adaptation), resulting in further demand on lower melting point FAs like n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). To examine whether marine fish embryos physiologically adapt to changing temperature environments, we incubated Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) eggs at 5 temperatures (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 °C) in the laboratory and sampled them repeatedly during development to measure changes in lipid/FA composition. Pacific cod embryos increased n-3 PUFA content during the egg stage in all temperature treatments, with the possible exception of 0 °C, where poor survival and hatch success limited our ability for continued sampling. At the beginning of the hatch cycle, free-swimming embryos shifted from lipogenesis to lipid catabolism. The rates of lipogenesis and catabolism were temperature dependent, and the distinct increase in unsaturated fatty acids at temperatures <8 °C was consistent with homeoviscous adaptation theory. However, with the possible exception of embryos at 0 °C, the relative amounts of essential fatty acids (e.g., EPA, DHA, AA) were conserved in a similar manner across incubation temperatures. Collectively, these data suggest Pacific cod are capable of homeoviscous adaptation but cannot tolerate temperatures approaching 0 °C despite their possible ability to biosynthesize PUFAs from other energetic sources. 相似文献
376.
377.
Benjamin P. Smith Claudia Alcaraz Zini Janusz Pawliszyn Michael J. Tyler Yoji Hayasaka Brian Williams 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3):215-225
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an effective technique for studying frog volatile secretions. Its primary advantage is in its application to sampling live animals. the ability to sample an organism over an extended period allows changes in an individual's chemical signature to be determined. the presence of eucalyptol in the skin secretion of Ewing's tree frog, Litoria ewingi, was used to assess the effectiveness of SPME in sampling frog volatiles. Rapid sample times coupled with the polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibre provided the best signal/noise ratio for the majority of frog volatiles analysed, and importantly resulted in the least amount of stress to the animals involved. 相似文献
378.
Adjei Mensah Isaac Sun Mei Gao Cuixia Omari-Sasu Akoto Yaw Sun Huaping Ampimah Benjamin Chris Quarcoo Alfred 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38674-38694
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The main aim of this current study is to empirically scrutinize the determinants of energy consumption for 24 African countries sub-grouped into three... 相似文献
379.
Benjamin Y. Ofori Reuben A. Garshong Francis Gbogbo Erasmus H. Owusu Daniel K. Attuquayefio 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(8):480
Urbanization is a key driver of global biodiversity loss. Although sub-Saharan African countries are experiencing unprecedented urbanization and urban expansion, very little is known about how this impacts tropical biodiversity. Here, we assessed the effects of urban expansion and urban green space on local small mammal species diversity in Accra, Ghana. We surveyed small mammals in the University of Ghana botanical garden, an urban green area (UGA) and adjoining built-up environment (BE) and compared the results with baseline data (BLD) collected when large areas of the current city still remained mostly undeveloped. The methodology involved live-trapping using Sherman collapsible live-traps. Our data showed higher small mammal abundance and diversity in the UGA than BE. Similarity of species composition was higher between UGA and BLD than between BE and BLD. The small mammal species captured in BE (the rodents Mastomys erythroleucus, Rattus rattus, and Arvicanthis rufinus, and the shrew Crocidura olivieri) are known to easily adapt to human-modified landscapes. Our results suggest that urbanization negatively influenced the abundance, diversity, and community composition of small mammals. Efforts should be directed towards the integration of urban green areas into urban land development planning in developing countries in order to conserve local wildlife and ecological services that enhance the quality of urban life. 相似文献
380.
Impact of mining and forest regeneration on small mammal biodiversity in the Western Region of Ghana
Daniel K. Attuquayefio Erasmus H. Owusu Benjamin Y. Ofori 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(5):237
Much of the terrestrial biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa is supported by tropical rainforest. Natural resource development, particularly surface mining in the rainforest, poses great risks to the region’s rich and endemic biodiversity. Here, we assessed the impact of surface mining and the success of forest rehabilitation on small mammal diversity in the Western Region of Ghana. We surveyed small mammals in the project area and two adjoining forest reserves (control sites) before the mining operation and 10 years after mine closure and forest rehabilitation (topsoil replacement and revegetation). The forest reserves recorded higher species abundance than the mining areas. Majority of the species captured in the forest reserves, including Hylomyscus alleni, Praomys tullbergi, Malacomys cansdalei, and Hybomys trivirgatus, are forest obligate species. Only one individual each of H. alleni and P. tullbergi was captured in the naturally regenerated areas (core areas of mining activities that were allowed to revegetate naturally), while 32 individuals belonging to four species (Lophuromys sikapusi, Mus musculoides, Mastomys erythroleucus, and Crocidura olivieri) were recorded in the rehabilitated areas. Our data suggested negative effects of mining on small mammal diversity and the restoration of species diversity and important ecological processes after rehabilitation of altered habitats. We strongly encourage deliberate conservation efforts, particularly the development of management plans that require the restoration of degraded land resulting from mining activities. 相似文献