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81.
Abstract: The spatial scale and location of land whose development has the strongest influence on aquatic ecosystems must be known to support land use decisions that protect water resources in urbanizing watersheds. We explored impacts of urbanization on streams in the West River watershed, New Haven, Connecticut, to identify the spatial scale of watershed imperviousness that was most strongly related to water chemistry, macroinvertebrates, and physical habitat. A multiparameter water quality index was used to characterize regional urban nonpoint source pollution levels. We identified a critical level of 5% impervious cover, above which stream health declined. Conditions declined with increasing imperviousness and leveled off in a constant state of impairment at 10%. Instream variables were most correlated (0.77 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.92, p < 0.0125) to total impervious area (TIA) in the 100‐m buffer of local contributing areas (~5‐km2 drainage area immediately upstream of each study site). Water and habitat quality had a relatively consistent strong relationship with TIA across each of the spatial scales of investigation, whereas macroinvertebrate metrics produced noticeably weaker relationships at the larger scales. Our findings illustrate the need for multiscale watershed management of aquatic ecosystems in small streams flowing through the spatial hierarchies that comprise watersheds with forest‐urban land use gradients. 相似文献
82.
An important aspect of social insect biology lies in the expression of collective foraging strategies developed to exploit
food. In ants, four main types of foraging strategies are typically recognized based on the intensity of recruitment and the
importance of chemical communication. Here, we describe a new type of foraging strategy, “tandem carrying”, which is also
one of the most simple recruitment strategies, observed in the Ponerinae species Pachycondyla chinensis. Within this strategy, workers are directly carried individually and then released on the food resource by a successful scout.
We demonstrate that this recruitment is context dependent and based on the type of food discovered and can be quickly adjusted
as food quality changes. We did not detect trail marking by tandem-carrying workers. We conclude by discussing the importance
of tandem carrying in an evolutionary context relative to other modes of recruitment in foraging and nest emigration. 相似文献
83.
Mougenot Benoit Doussoulin Jean-Pierre 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(1):1031-1047
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The growing concern over the change in climatic conditions and the management and conservation of biological resources makes it necessary to create... 相似文献