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排序方式: 共有184条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
41.
Hamers T van den Berg JH van Gestel CA van Schooten FJ Murk AJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(2):581-595
A risk assessment was made for a carnivorous and a herbivorous food chain in a heavily polluted natural estuary (Biesbosch), by determining the most critical pollutants and the food chain most at risk. Exposure of food chains to metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was assessed by analyzing dietary concentrations, internal concentrations, and biomarkers of exposure. Common shrew (Sorex araneus) and bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) were selected as representative small mammal species for the carnivorous and herbivorous food chain, respectively, and earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) and snails (Cepaea nemoralis) as representative prey species for the carnivorous food chain. Metals contributed most to the total risk for small mammals and earthworms. PCBs, but not PAHs, contributed to the overall risk for S. araneus at regularly flooded locations. The carnivorous food chain appeared most at risk given the higher exposure levels and bioaccumulating potency found for contaminants in S. araneus. 相似文献
42.
43.
K. ten Berg A. C. C. van Oppen P. G. J. Nikkels A. C. Gittenberger-de Groot G. B. van der Voet E. H. Brilstra D. Lindhout 《黑龙江环境通报》2005,25(2):156-158
We describe a fetus with a hypoplastic right ventricle detected by prenatal ultrasound examination. A possible causal relationship with prenatal valproate exposure is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
Richard C. Kattelmann Neil H. Berg John Rector 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(3):395-402
The Sierra Nevada produces over 50 percent of California's water. Improvement of water yields from the Sierra Nevada through watershed management has long been suggested as a means of augmenting the state's water supply. Vegetation and snowpack management can increase runoff from small watersheds by reducing losses due to evapotranspiration, snow interception by canopy, and snow evaporation. Small clearcuts or group selection cuts creating openings less than half a hectare, with the narrow dimension from south to north, appear to be ideal for both increasing and delaying water delivery in the red fir-lodgepole pine and mixed-conifer types of the Sierra west slope. Such openings can have up to 40 percent more snow-water equivalent than does uncut forest. However, the water yield increase drops to 1/2-2 percent of current yield for an entire management unit, due to the small number of openings that can be cut at one time, physical and management constraints, and multiple use/sustained yield guidelines. As a rough forecast, water production from National Forest land in the Sierra Nevada can probably be increased by about 1 percent (0.6 cm) under intensive forest watershed management. Given the state of reservoir storage and water use in California, delaying streamflow is perhaps the greatest contribution watershed management can make to meeting future water demands. 相似文献
45.
A conceptual model for N sequestration into the terrestrial nitrogen(N) sink is presented. The model uses foliar litter-fall data, limit values for litter decomposition, and calculated N concentration at the limit value (Nlimit), giving the N concentration in the hypothesized stable remains. The Nlimit values were determined extrapolating a linear relationship between accumulated litter mass loss and the increasing litter N concentration to the limit value. Thesequestration rates for N in boreal forest humus were calculated and validated for a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) monocultural stand and mixed stands with Scots pine, Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), and silver birch (Betula pendula L.). The calculated stable N fraction was compared to actually measured amounts of N in humus layers that started to accumulate 2984, 2081, 1106, and 120 yr BP. Sequestration rates of N were measured to be 0.255, 0.221, 0.147, and 0.168 g m-2 yr-1 and modeled to be 0.204, 0.207, 0.190, and 0.190 g m-2 yr-1, respectively, with missing fractions being 11.0, 1.5, 30.8, and 13.3%, respectively. The more N-rich the litter, the larger was the N fraction sequestered. This was found for experimental Scots pine needle litter (n = 6) and for 53 decomposition studies, encompassing seven litter species. The amounts of N sequestered annually ranged from ca. 1–2 kg ha-1 yr-1 under nutrient-poor boreal conditions to about 30 kgha-1 yr-1 in temperate, more nutrient-rich forests. 相似文献
46.
Environmental indicators for long-range atmospheric transported heavy metals have been developed. The indicators are based on data for Pb and Cd from national moss surveys which are performed regularly in Norway. The interpolation programme kriging has been used to transform the data from irregular grids to regular grids. Contour maps have been produced, and areas above estimated background levels for Pb and Cd in mosses have been calculated. The indicators are used to characterise the atmospheric deposition of long-range atmospheric transported heavy metals and monitor the changes with time. 相似文献
47.
Berg NH Gallegos A Dell T Frazier J Procter T Sickman J Grant S Blett T Arbaugh M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,105(1-3):285-307
Monitoring of Wilderness lakes for potential acidification requires information on lake sensitivity to acidification. Catchment properties can be used to estimate the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of lakes. Conceptual and general linear models were developed to predict the ANC of lakes in high-elevation (2170 m) Wilderness Areas in Californias Sierra Nevada mountains. Catchment-to-lake area ratio, lake perimeter-to-area ratio, bedrock lithology, vegetation cover, and lake headwater location are significant variables explaining ANC. The general linear models were validated against independently collected water chemistry data and were used as part of a first stage screen to identify Wilderness lakes with low ANC. Expanded monitoring of atmospheric deposition is essential for improving the predictability of lake ANC. 相似文献
48.
de Leeuw Frank A. A. M. van Pul W. Addo J. van den Berg Frederik Gilbert Andrew J. 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,62(2):133-145
In the evaluation of potentially adverse effects oforganic chemicals such as pesticides on theenvironment the atmosphere may play an important role.After its release to the atmosphere the chemical willbe transported/dispersed in the atmosphere and finallyit will be removed either by atmospheric-chemicaldestruction or by deposition to the underlying soil orsurface water. In a risk assessment decision supportsystem both ambient concentrations and depositionfluxes must be known to evaluate the risk of directexposure (inhalation) or the risk of soil and watercontamination caused by deposition. This paperdiscusses the use of atmospheric dispersion models insuch risk assessment decision support systems. 相似文献
49.
Controls on coarse wood decay in temperate tree species: birth of the LOGLIFE experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cornelissen JH Sass-Klaassen U Poorter L van Geffen K van Logtestijn RS van Hal J Goudzwaard L Sterck FJ Klaassen RK Freschet GT van der Wal A Eshuis H Zuo J de Boer W Lamers T Weemstra M Cretin V Martin R Ouden Jd Berg MP Aerts R Mohren GM Hefting MM 《Ambio》2012,41(Z3):231-245
Dead wood provides a huge terrestrial carbon stock and a habitat to wide-ranging organisms during its decay. Our brief review highlights that, in order to understand environmental change impacts on these functions, we need to quantify the contributions of different interacting biotic and abiotic drivers to wood decomposition. LOGLIFE is a new long-term 'common-garden' experiment to disentangle the effects of species' wood traits and site-related environmental drivers on wood decomposition dynamics and its associated diversity of microbial and invertebrate communities. This experiment is firmly rooted in pioneering experiments under the directorship of Terry Callaghan at Abisko Research Station, Sweden. LOGLIFE features two contrasting forest sites in the Netherlands, each hosting a similar set of coarse logs and branches of 10 tree species. LOGLIFE welcomes other researchers to test further questions concerning coarse wood decay that will also help to optimise forest management in view of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
50.
Johannes H. C. Cornelissen Ute Sass-Klaassen Lourens Poorter Koert van Geffen Richard S. P. van Logtestijn Jurgen van Hal Leo Goudzwaard Frank J. Sterck René K. W. M. Klaassen Grégoire T. Freschet Annemieke van der Wal Henk Eshuis Juan Zuo Wietse de Boer Teun Lamers Monique Weemstra Vincent Cretin Rozan Martin Jan den Ouden Matty P. Berg Rien Aerts Godefridus M. J. Mohren Mariet M. Hefting 《Ambio》2012,41(3):231-245
Dead wood provides a huge terrestrial carbon stock and a habitat to wide-ranging organisms during its decay. Our brief review highlights that, in order to understand environmental change impacts on these functions, we need to quantify the contributions of different interacting biotic and abiotic drivers to wood decomposition. LOGLIFE is a new long-term ‘common-garden’ experiment to disentangle the effects of species’ wood traits and site-related environmental drivers on wood decomposition dynamics and its associated diversity of microbial and invertebrate communities. This experiment is firmly rooted in pioneering experiments under the directorship of Terry Callaghan at Abisko Research Station, Sweden. LOGLIFE features two contrasting forest sites in the Netherlands, each hosting a similar set of coarse logs and branches of 10 tree species. LOGLIFE welcomes other researchers to test further questions concerning coarse wood decay that will also help to optimise forest management in view of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. 相似文献