Household hazardous waste quantification,characterization and management in China’s cities: A case study of Suzhou

A four-stage systematic tracking survey of 240 households was conducted from the summer of 2011 to the spring of 2012 in a Chinese city of Suzhou to determine the characteristics of household hazardous waste (HHW) generated by the city. Factor analysis and a regression model were used to study the major driving forces of HHW generation. The results indicate that the rate of HHW generation was 6.16 (0.16–31.74, 95% CI) g/person/day, which accounted for 2.23% of the household solid waste stream. The major waste categories contributing to total HHW were home cleaning products (21.33%), medicines (17.67%) and personal care products (15.19%). Packaging and containers (one-way) and products (single-use) accounted for over 80% of total HHW generation, implying a considerable potential to mitigate HHW generation by changing the packaging design and materials used by manufacturing enterprises. Strong correlations were observed between HHW generation (g/person/day) and the driving forces group of “household structure” and “consumer preferences” (among which the educational level of the household financial manager has the greatest impact). Furthermore, the HHW generation stream in Suzhou suggested the influence of another set of variables, such as local customs and culture, consumption patterns, and urban residential life-style. This study emphasizes that HHW should be categorized at its source (residential households) as an important step toward controlling the HHW hazards of Chinese cities.     

250轧机、370轧机除尘系统设计研究

通过分析氧化钼烟尘的物化性质及扩散原理 ,提出了 2 5 0轧机、370轧机系统除尘设计方案     

SBR工艺在处理制药废水中的运用

制药废水具有排放量小、成分复杂、浓度和盐分高、色度和毒性大等特点,属于难降解高浓度有机废水,特别是其中的"三致"有机污染物,易造成水环境污染,威胁人们的健康.文章结合昆明某制药厂污水站一年的监测数据,讨论目前国内制药废水常用的sBR工艺对制药废水的处理效果.通过实验找出COD去除率随进水浓度、污泥浓度、pH值的变化规律,发现处理效果理想,COD去除率基本稳定在80%～95%,另外,还专门针对曝气池中COD的降解情况进行监测和分析,从而达到优化sBR控制参数的目的.     

Which is more cost-effective? A comparison of two wastewater treatment models in China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park,China

The study examines the cost-effectiveness of two wastewater treatment models in China so as to provide a choice for policymaking. We choose the wastewater treatment system in China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park as case study because: 1) its sharing wastewater treatment plant (WTP); 2) its WTP was invested and operated by a private company; 3) its firms did not discharge illegal; 4) accessibility of data. The actual costs are determined by an extensive survey of 493 firms registered with the park. These data are also used to create a benchmark model assuming that each firm complies with environmental regulations by constructing its own WTP. The results show that sharing the WTPs greatly reduces the overall treatment cost. Furthermore, it reduces illegal discharges and improves the overall environmental performance of the park. Finally, it enforces cooperation among companies located in the park and creates a good image attracting more enterprises to join in.     

超临界水氧化处理棉纺织品印染废水

在温度400~600℃、压力25 MPa、停留时间10~45 s、过氧比0%~400% 条件下,用超临界水氧化(SCWO)法在连续管式反应器中处理棉纺织品印染废水。分析了工艺条件对总有机碳(TOC)及氨氮(NH3-N)降解效率的影响。研究表明,温度是影响TOC降解的最重要因素,不同温度下,降解率随过氧比变化的趋势不同。在450℃、停留时间20 s、过氧比300% 时,废水TOC降解达98.94%。NH3-N的降解与反应温度和氧化剂量密切相关。当过氧比300%,温度从400℃上升到600℃时,NH3-N的浓度从55.42 mg/L下降到3.31 mg/L,而600℃没有氧化剂存在时氨不易降解。450℃时随着过氧比增大NH3-N浓度略有下降,在该温度下停留时间延长对NH3-N降解无显著影响。     

中国地表饮用水水源地有机类内分泌干扰物污染现况分析

有机类内分泌干扰物(EDCs)是一类对人类和生物内分泌系统产生干扰,并可造成其紊乱的特殊外来物质,对人类和生物健康有极大的危害.以与人类生活密切相关的地表饮用水水源地中的有机类EDCs为研究重点,对中国目前地表饮用水水源地EDCs污染状况、污染物种类及其来源及可能的污染途径进行了评述.目前,中国各地区地表饮用水水源地均有有机类EDCs检出.其中以有机氯农药六六六及其异构体、DDT及其代谢产物和多氯联苯检出率最高,且某些地区检测浓度相当高,主要来源是农药使用和污水排放.国内外对地表饮用水水源地EDCs突发污染事件的研究均较少,应引起高度重视.     

超声波辅助萃取测定土壤中的多溴联苯醚

对土壤中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的测定方法进行了研究.土壤样品经超声波辅助萃取后用硅胶氧化铝复合柱净化,再用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪(GC-ECD)进行测定.该方法测定PBDEs各单体的相关系数(R2)为0.999 54～0.999 97,方法线性关系良好.基质加标空白回收率在74.9%～118.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.9%～8.9%,方法检测限为5.9～9.2 ng/kg.     

全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)在藻渣/小球藻上的吸附行为及机理

为了开发新型廉价生物吸附剂,以高效吸附去除水体中全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS),对小球藻提取生物柴油后的藻渣吸附酸性水体中的PFOS进行了吸附行为及机理的研究。小球藻提取生物质柴油后,比表面积、孔容、孔径几乎没有变化;等电点由3.3降低至2.7;蛋白质含量由51.45%提高到57.35%。在酸性条件下(pH≤3),小球藻和藻渣对PFOS的吸附率均达到99%以上;随着pH值增加至7,二者的吸附去除率迅速降低,但仍保持在22%~26%。小球藻和藻渣对PFOS的最大吸附容量分别为353.69 mg/g和444.83 mg/g。Freundlich模型能较好地拟合二者对PFOS的吸附数据,表明为多层吸附,即小球藻以静电吸引的形式吸附PFOS阴离子,并疏水分配至所含蛋白质中;而藻渣中含量较高的蛋白质对PFOS的疏水性分配作用是导致藻渣吸附量增高的主要原因。     

氧化电解法处理工业含硫恶臭气体的研究

利用铁盐溶液,通过气体超微细分散式吸收反应器和电化学再生系统结合的反应器,对中高浓度含硫恶臭气体进行吸收及电化学再生过程进行了初步研究.结果表明:当反应液位高度为55 cm、温度为20 ℃和H+浓度小于1.5 mol/L时,进气浓度小于1 000 mg/m3时,含硫恶臭气体处理效率可到达96%以上.当液位高度为55 c...     

强化混凝去除水中的腐殖质

通过一系列试验对混凝去除水中的腐殖质的影响因素进行了评价。结果表明 ,pH值是影响水中腐殖质去除效果的一个关键因素 ,当水中腐殖质浓度为 10 .0mg L ,铝盐作混凝剂时 ,去除腐殖质的最佳pH值在 6.2— 6.6范围内 ;腐殖质浓度升高时 ,最佳pH值向酸性方向偏移。强化混凝调节pH值虽然增加了酸碱费用 ,但是它可以减少混凝剂投量 ,减轻污泥处理负担 ,其总体进行费用并没有增加 ,可认为是一种可行的运行方式