Modeling the impact of uncertainty in emissions trading markets with bankable permits

The various forms of uncertainty that firms may face in bankable emission permit trading markets will affect firms’ decision making as well as their market performance. This research explores the effect of increased uncertainty over future input costs and output prices on the temporal distribution of emission. In a dynamic programming setting, the permit price is a convex function of stochastic prices of coal and electricity. Increased uncertainty about future market conditions increases the expected permit price and causes a risk neutral firm to reduce ex ante emissions in order to smooth out marginal abatement costs over time. Finally, safety valves, both low-side and high-side, are suggested to reduce the impact of uncertainty in bankable emission trading markets.     

絮凝沉淀-SBR组合工艺处理屠宰加工废水工程应用

介绍了絮凝沉淀—SBR组合工艺在屠宰加工废水处理工程中的应用实例.经过3 个月的工程调试和2 年多的实际运行效果表明,当进水COD在1300~1800mg/L之间时,经该工艺处理,出水COO可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准,总去除率在90%以上.实践证明,该工艺具有较好的经济效益和环境效益.     

Geochemical provenance and spatial distribution of fluoride in groundwater of Mayo Tsanaga River Basin, Far North Region, Cameroon: implications for incidence of fluorosis and optimal consumption dose

The 500,000 inhabitants of Mayo Tsanaga River Basin are vulnerable to a “silent” fluorosis from groundwater consumption. For the first time, the groundwater is investigated for the purpose of identifying the provenance of fluoride and estimating an optimal dose of fluoride in the study area. Based on the fluoride content of groundwater, fluorine and major oxides abundances in rocks from the study area, mean annual atmospheric temperature, and on-site diagnosis of fluorosis in children, the following results and conclusions are obtained: Fluoride concentration in groundwater ranges from 0.19 to 15.2 mg/l. Samples with fluoride content of <1.5 mg/l show Ca–HCO₃ signatures, while those with fluoride >1.5 mg/l show a tendency towards Na-HCO₃ type. Fluor-apatite and micas in the granites were identified as the main provenance of fluoride in the groundwater through water-rock interactions in an alkaline medium. The optimal fluoride dose in drinking water of the study area should be 0.7 mg/l, and could be adjusted downward to a level of 0.6 mg/l due to the high consumption rate of groundwater, especially during drier periods.     

两种底质对狐尾藻生长和生理指标的影响

在温室条件下,分别以土壤和沉积物作为底质,模拟研究狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum）生长和生理指标的变化。结果表明：与营养水平相当的沉积物相比,以土壤作为底质的处理,其狐尾藻茎叶生物量降低了87．15％,根系生物量增加了226．54％,根系活力降低了46．46％,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性分别增加了134．20％和119．91％。上覆水和间隙水中活性磷浓度分别增加了146．67％和1382．61％。以土壤为底质,增加该处理水体中磷浓度,抑制狐尾藻生长。     

Removal of 2,4-D from aqueous solution by the adsorbents from spent bleaching earth

The removal of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from aqueous solutions by activated spent bleaching earths (SBE) was studied at 20 degrees C. Experiments were performed as a function of time, initial concentration, dose and particle size of the adsorbent. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations were fitted by the adsorption data obtained. The values of Langmuir and Freundlich constants were determined. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow Lagergren equation. Both the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion played important roles in the adsorption rate of 2,4-D. As the size of the adsorbent increased, the time to reach equilibrium increased but adsorption capacity decreased.     

港口环境风险管理探讨——以天津港为例

中国是一个海洋大国,海洋和港口的环境保护得到了国家的高度重视。港口的环境风险防范管理是一个较新的研究领域,当前中国港口经济的高速增长必然带来港口环境风险的增加,对风险进行有效地评价和管理对国家的经济发展和环境保护具有重要意义。本文对天津港环境风险管理的过程进行了较为系统的探讨,分析了天津港环境风险管理技术思路和主要内容,对天津港存在的环境风险因子做了识别,并对环境风险的评估方法做了针对性总结,为港口的风险防范措施提供了一些建议。     

市场模式环境监测管理探索

论述了环境监测工作内容和性质,分析环境监测管理体制、管理手段、管理目标、管理职能等存在的不足方面,在此基础上提出了建立环境监测机构业务能力认定制度、形成环境监测资源和信息共享机制,创建和规范环境监测市场、完善环境监测质量管理制度等环境监测管理思路。     

Improved method for analyzing the degradation of estrogens in water by solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection

We established an improved method for the determination of four estrogens including estriol (E3), 17 -estradiol (E2), 17 -ethynylestrodiol (EE2) and estrone (E1) in water. The method consisted of solid-phase extraction (0.5 L water) and subsequent analysis of analytes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with an ultraviolet detector (UVD). Base-line separation was achieved for all studied estrogens using a column (50 mm 2.1 mm) packed with 1.7 m particle size stationary phase. Recovery was higher than 88% and detection limits ranged between 12.5–23.7 ng/L for the four estrogens, with the RSD ranging from 7% to 11%. The method was successfully applied to determine E2 and EE2 in simulated natural water, which found that about 70% of E2 was degraded (with a half-life of about 30 hr) within 48 hr and about 55% of EE2 was degraded (with a half-life of about 36 hr). Low levels of E1 were found, however E3 was undetectable during the process.     

20世纪90年代以来粤港澳大湾区臭氧污染研究进展

粤港澳大湾区是我国开放程度最高、经济活力最强的区域之一,在国家发展大局中具有重要战略地位.20世纪90年代以来,粤港澳三地政府在空气质量监测、空气污染治理方面做了大量工作,粤港澳大湾区颗粒物浓度持续下降,但臭氧浓度快速增长,臭氧已成为粤港澳大湾区首要污染物.为深化粤港澳大湾区臭氧污染研究及臭氧污染防控,本文综述了粤港澳大湾区20世纪90年代以来臭氧污染观测研究的主要进展,回顾了臭氧监测网络建立、臭氧浓度水平及其时空变化特征、臭氧生成和污染输送的气象过程、区域臭氧来源解释等方面的研究发现,提出新时期粤港澳大湾区臭氧研究的建议.