区域次生环境风险评价方法研究

针对化工园区内各装置次生环境风险进行了系统研究,建立了一套区域次生风险识别方法,并且以成品油储罐区和7万吨苯抽提装置为例对研究区燃爆类风险源和泄漏类风险源分别进行次生环境风险分析,识别化工园区内对环境有潜在威胁的风险源,结果表明：有8个危险源存在次生风险事故,且对可能发生的次生事故类型进行分析,为化工园区的次生环境风险的监控和防范提供了依据。     

N2O emission from a combined ex-situ nitrification and in-situ denitrification bioreactor landfill

A combined process comprised of ex-situ nitrification in an aged refuse bioreactor (designated as A bioreactor) and in-situ denitrification in a fresh refuse bioreactor (designated as F bioreactor) was constructed for investigating N₂O emission during the stabilization of municipal solid waste (MSW). The results showed that N₂O concentration in the F bioreactor varied from undetectable to about 130 ppm, while it was much higher in the A bioreactor with the concentration varying from undetectable to about 900 ppm. The greatly differences of continuous monitoring of N₂O emission after leachate cross recirculation in each period were primarily attributed to the stabilization degree of MSW. Moreover, the variation of N₂O concentration was closely related to the leachate quality in both bioreactors and it was mainly affected by the COD and COD/TN ratio of leachate from the F bioreactor, as well as the DO, ORP, and NO₃^?-N of leachate from the A bioreactor.     

功率超声场作用下水溶液中甲苯的降解机理

研究密闭体系功率超声场中甲苯的超声降解过程,并探讨降解机理及反应历程.甲苯的降解效率受辐射时间影响较大,降解过程符合拟一级反应,通常处理40min后可以获得90%～95%的去除率,而溶液中饱和气体种类等也产生一定的影响.经pH、紫外和SMPE-GC-MS等分析,以及发光氨与自由基反应现象,证实甲苯的超声降解以自由基降解为主,主要中间降解产物为苯甲醛、联甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二丁脂等,最终产物为二氧化碳和水.     

Evaluation of accelerated dechlorination of p,p'-DDT in acidic paddy soil

The reductive dechlorination and behavior of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) was investigated in a paddy soil. Treatment with 5% (w/w) metallic iron (Fe(0)) resulted in sharp decrease of p,p'-DDT, whereas there was no extra effect when 2% (w/w) aluminum sulfate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)) was added to the Fe(0) treatment. These results suggest that Fe(0) could effectively promote the reductive dechlorination of p,p'-DDT and its metabolites while Al(2)(SO(4))(3) did not show any effect on those processes. Furthermore, p,p'-DDT and its daughter compounds inhibited holistic soil respiration greatly at first but could be metabolized by certain species of indigenous microorganisms after a period of adaptation time in the soil. When treated with Fe(0), the polluted soil produced much less CO(2) while the addition of Al(2)(SO(4))(3) counteracted its negative effect to much extent.     

国内外石油化工行业事故预警预防管理对比研究

介绍了发达国家在事故调查、分析、研究、预警和预防管理方面的先进做法,对比分析了我国石油化工行业在这些方面存在的差距,提出了针对性的建议措施。     

九龙江拟多甲藻水华预警和应急处置的初步研究

介绍了九龙江北溪及甲藻水华暴发的情况,根据国内外研究报道和九龙江北溪拟多甲藻水华暴发期间相关监测结果,拟定甲藻密度达到5×10^5个／L、叶绿素a含量〉15mg／m^3、pH〉7、D0〉8mg／L、高锰酸盐指数〉2．0mg／L为临界状态;甲藻密度达到1×10^6个／L、叶绿素a含量〉40mg／m^3、pH值接近8、D0〉9mg／L、高锰酸盐指数〉3．5mg／L为初步暴发状态;甲藻密度达到〉1×10^7个／L、叶绿素a含量〉85mg／m^3、pH〉8、D0〉10mg／L、高锰酸盐指数〉6．0mg／L为严重暴发状态。并结合当地的实际情况,对不同预警条件下应急响应和处置拟多甲藻水华的物理、化学和生物等具体措施进行初步研究。提出九龙江水系中封闭型水域可采取化学方法,支流水域可采用植物及化感技术和超声波方法,干流自来水厂采取围隔过滤和生态调水等方法应急处置拟多甲藻水华。     

城市突发事件的危机管理：挑战与对策

20多年的改革开放使我国国民经济得到了迅速发展，加入世界贸易组织、融入经济全球化的大潮又为我们带来了新的发展机遇，但是在发展的同时，在获得新机遇的时候，遭遇经济风险甚至经济危机的可能性也在不断加大。在城市突发事件管理上，只要政府建立起应急反应机制和完善的危机预警系统，完善处置危机的权威体制，动员社会参与危机救治，加强信息流通，增进社会认同，促进危机管理的法制化建设，就一定能确保我们在各种危机和突发事件面前处变不惊，控制局面，转危为安，最大限度地减少城市突发事件的伤害，最大可能地保护公众的安全，维护社会的安定。     

高压加氢裂化装置危险性分析及预防

分析高压加氢裂化装置在目前生产工艺条件下的主要危险,结合装置安全生产实际,提出相应的预防措施。     

某有色金属企业污水处理厂污水处理工艺

对有色金属冶炼过程中产生的废水按特征因子的不同进行分质处理。其中,高浓度氨氮废水采用三级氨氮吹脱、吸收工艺进行脱氨预处理;含砷酸性废水采用三段中和-铁盐混凝法预处理;经预处理废水混合后,采用石灰法分级沉淀处理废水中重金属离子;然后根据各单位对回用水水质的不同要求,对废水进行深度处理,实现了污水处理后全部回用,污水零排放的目的。并且对污水中的氨、石膏、镍等资源进行回收利用,为企业降低了运行成本,并且防止了二次污染。     

Isolation,identification, and biological characteristics of a wild Chaga mushroom北大核心CSCD

In this study, a pure culture strain (numbered as F1501) was obtained using tissue separation and purification methods from the sclerotia of Chaga mushroom from Russia. Further researches included studies on classification, optimum growth conditions of mycelia, extracellular polysaccharides from fermentation broth and their antioxidant activity, and artificial acclimation. According to the identification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, it was confirmed that F1501 was a species of the genus Inonotus and family Hymenochaetaceae, which had 99% similarity with Inonotus obliquus. F1501 was further classified as I. obliquus based on the morphological characteristics of its mycelia and sclerotia. The optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, growth factor, temperature, and pH value for the growth of the F1501 strain mycelia were maltose, beef extracts, 10/1, B2, 28 °C, and 8.0, respectively. Liquid fermentation of F1501 was performed using PD media and a 10% inoculation amount at 28 °C and 150 r/min for 7 d. The content of polysaccharides in the fermentation broth was 476.32 mg/L, with a total antioxidant activity of 0.19 mmol/L (Trolox) and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activity of 72.7%. Artificial acclimation study revealed that the fruiting body-like structure was obtained using cottonseed hulls as the main substrate. In the present study, a new strain of I. obliquus and its biological characteristics were explored, which could provide a theoretical basis for the artificial acclimation and development of wild mushrooms. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.