甲藻赤潮和水华应急处置技术的进展

近年来,我国甲藻赤潮和水华经常发生,致使生态系统进一步恶化。根据国内外有关的研究报道,进行了综合评估分析,为在不同环境条件下,相应地采取生物、物理和化学等方法应急处置甲藻赤潮和水华提供参考。     

Particle size distribution and pollutants in road-deposited sediments in different areas of Zhenjiang,China

An understanding of road-deposited sediment (RDS) characteristics on an impervious surface is essential to estimate pollutant washoff characteristics and to minimise the impacts of pollutants on the water environment. A total of 62 RDS samples were collected from four different land-use types (commercial, residential, intense traffic and riverside park) in Zhenjiang City, China. The samples were fractionated into seven grain-size classes and analysed for particle size distribution and concentrations of pollutants. The samples are found to consist predominantly of fine particles (60–80%, <250 μm). The maximum mean concentrations of zinc, lead and copper were 686.93, 589.19 and 158.16 mg/kg, respectively, with the highest metal concentrations found in samples from the intense traffic area. The maximum mean contents of organic matter (12.55%), nitrogen (6.31 mg/g) and phosphorus (5.15 mg/g) were found in samples from the commercial area. The concentrations of heavy metals were highest in the smallest particle size fraction analysed (63 μm). The organic matter and nitrogen content generally increased with decreasing particle sizes in the <500-μm particle size range. The results also revealed that most of the total nitrogen (TN) is attached to the finer sediments and that to effectively reduce TN loads in particulates, treatment facilities must be able to remove the finer particles (down to 125 μm for TN).     

沉水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的研究与应用

沉水植物是水生植物的重要组成部分。在富营养化湖泊中,沉水植物同浮游藻类竞争营养物质以及所需的光热条件,同时分泌出抑藻物质,破坏藻类正常的生理代谢功能,致使藻类死亡,抑制藻类水华发生。根据国内外相关报道,重点对9科15种沉水植物化感作用抑制15种藻类生长的研究进展进行综述。     

水生植物化感作用应急处置海洋赤潮和淡水水华

近年来,植物化感作用逐渐成为控制藻类暴发的一种新技术。根据国内外的研究成果,着重从水生植物化感作用、化感抑藻物质、应急处置藻类方法、海洋赤潮和淡水水华的应急处置及机理进行评述,并对该技术今后的发展予以展望。     

徐州市秸秆综合利用现状及对策

农作物秸秆资源的利用在农业环保中的意义日益突出。对江苏省徐州市秸秆综合利用状况进行了实地调查和研究,阐述了徐州市目前秸秆综合利用现状,分析了徐州市秸秆综合利用过程中所出现的焚烧问题的产生原因,并针对此问题提出行之有效的方案。     

西藏中部巴木错湖泊面积变化及其原因分析

受气候变化影响,西藏中部内陆湖泊在最近10 a来出现了水位上涨、湖面扩大等情况。采用遥感技术及统计学方法分析了西藏中部巴木错湖泊面积年内、年际变化及其原因。结果表明:①湖泊周边班戈站的年降水量、年平均气温、年平均地温以及年平均相对湿度等呈现增加趋势,年平均风速显现下降趋势;②2009年的面积在2月、5月和8月出现了三个"峰值",主要与湖面封冻、气温升高及降水增加等有关,年际变化呈逐步增加趋势;③经线性相关、多元回归等分析发现,年内变化受各月面降水量AP、蒸发量E和气温T的影响,合计贡献率为90.0%,排序为AP>E>T;年际变化受年平均风速SWS、7月降水量P7、平均地温ST和气温T的影响,合计贡献率为65.2%,排序为SWS>P7>ST>T。     

生物反硝化计量学关系研究

提出了在生物反硝化中可利用有机物与硝酸盐氮消耗量的比值（△COD／△N）建立反硝化计量方程式，以及计算出实际污泥产率{γHdbs=0.614R－1.755[g（VSS）／g（N）]}与最佳碳氮比投加值。分别以葡萄糖与甲醇为电子供体，硝酸盐为电子受体。在上流式反硝化颗粒污泥床内进行实验验证。结果表明，计算值与实测值非常一致。证明该计算方法准确、可行。     

川滇地区岩石圈磁场的小波多尺度分析

岩石圈磁场是从浅部至深部不同异常源引起磁异常的叠加,包含了从浅部到深部的丰富信息。本文对川滇地区岩石圈磁场的X、Y、Z三分量作一至五阶尺度分解后,得到不同深度处异常源磁异常的分布特性,并结合其他相关地球物理因素,研究它们之间是否存在着相关性。结果表明,川滇地区地壳磁性体存在明显的横向不均匀性,区内磁异常条带和复杂的断层构造与地震带分布具有一定的相关性,在应用过程中小波多尺度进行分析的过程中表现出了较强的层次感,特别是细节异常对分析局部断裂的空间分布更直观、便利,在总体上优于传统分解方法。     

Synthesis evaluation with entire-array-polygon method to ecological economic system of Funing County in Jiangsu Province

Based on the theory of ecological footprint this paper analyzed the ecological economic system in Funing County in the view of demands of economic system to natural resource and supply of ecosystem for natural resources. It was proposed that the concept of ecological deficit (ecological remainder) per ten thousands yuan GDP be used to evaluate development of ecological economic system. With a synthesis appraisement to the ecological economic system using entire-array-polygon method combined with Ulanowicz development ability and with ecological deficit (ecological remainder) per ten thousands yuan GDP, it provids a theoretical base for reconstructing and managing of demonstration eco-region.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils in the vicinity of Nanjing, China

The occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetable soils from five vegetable fields (including: Liuhe, Xixia, Pukou, Jianye and Yuhua districts) in Nanjing outskirt were investigated with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with fluorescence detector. The total concentrations of 15 priority PAHs in 126 soil samples ranged from 21.91 to 533.84ngg(-1) dry weight, and the sum of seven carcinogenic PAHs concentrations varied from 1.48 to 236.19ngg(-1) dry weight. Statistical analysis of the PAHs concentrations showed that the highest PAHs concentration was observed in Liuhe, and the lowest PAHs concentrations were found in Xixia among the five districts. The ratios of fluoranthene to sum of fluoranthene and pyrene concentrations (Flt/(Flt+Pyr)) were more than 0.5 in 99% of vegetable soil samples, showing that the PAHs in soils were generally derived from straw and coal combustion sources. The results from principal component analysis (PCA) further indicated that extensive combustion activities affected the PAHs distribution in Nanjing vegetable soils.