Phytoavailability and geospeciation of cadmium in contaminated soil remediated by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

A microorganism was isolated from oil field injection water and identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It was used for the remediation of simulated cadmium-contaminated soil. The phytoavailability of Cd was investigated through wheat seedling method to determine the efficiency of remediation. It was found that after remediation, the accumulation of Cd in wheat roots and leaves decreased by 67% and 53%, respectively. The Cd speciation in soil was determined with Tessier extraction procedure. It was found that the total Cd content in soil did not change during the experiments, but the geo-speciation of Cd changed remarkably. Among the five fractions, the concentration of exchangeable phases decreased by 27-46% and that of the phases bound to Fe-Mn oxides increased by 22-44%. The decrease of Cd accumulation in wheat showed significant positive correlation with the decrease of exchangeable phases. It could be concluded that the remediation of R. sphaeroides was carried out through the conversion of Cd to more stable forms. The decrease of sulfate concentration in supernatant indicated that the R. sphaeroides consumed sulfate.     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in schwertmannite/oxalate suspension under UV irradiation

Introduction

Schwertmannite was synthesized through an oxidation of FeSO₄ by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5 cell suspension at an initial pH?2.5 and 28°C for 3?days and characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The schwertmannite photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) by oxalate was investigated at different initial pH values, concentrations of schwertmannite, oxalate, and MO.

Results

The results demonstrated that photodegradation of MO in the presence of schwertmannite or oxalate alone was very weak. However, the removal of MO was significantly enhanced when schwertmannite and oxalate coexisted in the reaction system. Low pH (4 or less) was beneficial to the degradation of MO. The optimal doses of schwertmannite and oxalate were 0.2?g?L^?1 and 2?mM, respectively. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and Fe(II), the intermediate products, were also examined during the reaction to explore their correlation with the degradation of MO.

Conclusion

A possible mechanism for the photocatalytic decomposition of MO in the study was proposed. The formation of Fe(III)-oxalate complexes on the surface of schwertmannite was a precursor of H₂O₂ and Fe(II) production, further leading to the yield of ·OH responsible for the decomposition of MO.     

Biosorption of Basic Violet 5BN and Basic Green by waste brewery’s yeast from single and multicomponent systems

Background and aim  

The biosorption of Basic Violet 5BN (BV) and Basic Green (BG) by waste brewery’s yeast (WBY) from single and binary systems was investigated.     

Geochemical processes of mercury in Wujiangdu and Dongfeng reservoirs, Guizhou, China

The geochemical processes of mercury in Dongfeng (DF) and Wujiangdu (WJD) reservoirs, which were constructed in 1992 and 1979, respectively in Wujiang River, which is the upper branch of Yangtze River were investigated. One sampling site was chosen upriver of 1 km from the dam for each reservoir. Three sampling campaigns were conducted at these sampling sites in December 2003, April 2004 and July 2004, respectively. The distributions of different mercury species in the water column, sediment, and sediment pore water were studied. We found that the sediment is the net source of both inorganic and MeHg to the water column for both reservoirs. The MeHg diffusion fluxes in WJD reservoir at all sampling campaigns were significantly higher than those in DF reservoir. Our study demonstrated that the high primary productivity in the reservoir produced elevated organic matter content that would favor the methylmercury production in sediment.     

核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb2＋的吸附

实验通过间歇吸附方式研究了核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附特性,探讨了核桃壳粉粒径及用量、溶液pH、Pb^2＋初始浓度等参数对吸附的影响,并讨论了吸附过程的热力学和动力学特征。结果表明,核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋吸附的最佳pH为5．0,去除率随吸附剂粒径的减小、用量的增加、Pb^2＋初始浓度的减小而增加。优化实验条件下,0～0．3mm15g／L的吸附剂在298K时,对pH=5的50mL50mg／LPb^2＋溶液的去除率达96．98％。核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋的吸附等温线符合Sips模型,在283、293和303K的最大吸附量分别为18．25、18．27和20．94mg／g。吸附过程是放热的、混乱度减小的自发过程,且符合准二级动力学模型。吸附速率常数随温度升高而减小,在293和303K时分别在90和120min基本达到平衡。结合FTIR和SEM手段发现核桃壳对Pb^2＋的吸附以物理吸附为主,同时包括离子交换、螯合等化学吸附以及颗粒内扩散步骤,是一个复杂的过程。     

Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles

Toxicity of nano-scaled aluminum, silicon, titanium and zinc oxides to bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) was examined and compared to that of their respective bulk (micro-scaled) counterparts. All nanoparticles but titanium oxide showed higher toxicity (at 20 mg/L) than their bulk counterparts. Toxicity of released metal ions was differentiated from that of the oxide particles. ZnO was the most toxic among the three nanoparticles, causing 100% mortality to the three tested bacteria. Al₂O₃ nanoparticles had a mortality rate of 57% to B. subtilis, 36% to E. coli, and 70% to P. fuorescens. SiO₂ nanoparticles killed 40% of B. subtilis, 58% of E. coli, and 70% of P. fluorescens. TEM images showed attachment of nanoparticles to the bacteria, suggesting that the toxicity was affected by bacterial attachment. Bacterial responses to nanoparticles were different from their bulk counterparts; hence nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms need to be studied thoroughly.     

乌梁素海和岱海沉积物有机碳的形态特征

以富营养化类型不同的乌梁素海和岱海为对象,开展湖泊沉积物中有机碳的形态特征研究,对比分析了2个湖泊沉积物有机碳的形态特征及其差异性.结果表明,乌梁素海沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)含量范围为4.50～22.83 g·kg-1,平均11.80g·kg-1;重组碳(HFOC)含量范围为3.38～21.67 g·kg-1,平均1...     

基于噪声指数的首都经济贸易大学校园声环境评价

文章在对首都经济贸易大学校园进行声功能区环境噪声监测的基础上,分析和计算了各区域测点噪声超标值（△LAeq）、噪声指数（LKZ）和噪声污染指数（PN）;从强度和影响人群人数两个角度评价校园声环境质量。结果表明,首都经济贸易大学校园声环境质量处于较差的水平,噪声强度超标率达到82％;据此,课题对校园噪声污染现状进行了影响分析和声环境质量的等级评定,最后针对污染现状提出了相关措施和建议。     

雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期水体溶解性有机物的空间分布、光谱特征及来源解析

运用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)以及紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-vis),对雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期不同特征区域水体溶解性有机物(DOM)的空间分布、光谱特征以及来源进行解析.结果表明,冬季冰封期白洋淀水体DOM吸收系数无特征峰,不同特征区域的差异显著;表层水体DOM与底层水体DOM的吸收系数差异不明显;冰封期白洋淀水体的E3/E4均大于3. 5,说明DOM以低腐殖质成分为主,E2/E3为6. 35±0. 72,表明DOM中小分子量的居多,而且SR为1. 33±0. 14均大于1,显示DOM主要为生物源;三维荧光通过PARAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸(C1)、类色氨酸(C2)和陆源腐殖质(C3);对3个组分进行相关性分析,结果显示C1与C2之间具有显著的相关性(P <0. 001);白洋淀各个特征区域间的DOM总荧光强度和各荧光组分荧光强度呈现显著的差异(P <0. 01); DOM的总荧光强度以及各组分的荧光强度均呈现出唐河入淀口高、烧车淀低的特征,C1+C2是DOM的主要成分;冰封期白洋淀水体的DOM生物源指数(BIX)为1...