Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process

Sewage sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant was converted into sewage sludge based activated carbon(SBAC) with Zn Cl2 as activation agent, which was used as a support for ferric oxides to form a catalyst(Fe Ox/SBAC) by a simple impregnation method.The new material was then used to improve the performance of Fenton oxidation of real biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater(CGW). The results indicated that the prepared Fe Ox/SBAC significantly enhanced the pollutant removal performance in the Fenton process, so that the treated wastewater was more biodegradable and less toxic. The best performance was obtained over a wide p H range from 2 to 7, temperature 30°C, 15 mg/L of H2O2 and 1 g/L of catalyst, and the treated effluent concentrations of COD, total phenols,BOD5 and TOC all met the discharge limits in China. Meanwhile, on the basis of significant inhibition by a radical scavenger in the heterogeneous Fenton process as well as the evolution of FT-IR spectra of pollutant-saturated Fe Ox/BAC with and without H2O2, it was deduced that the catalytic activity was responsible for generating hydroxyl radicals, and a possible reaction pathway and interface mechanism were proposed. Moreover, Fe Ox/SBAC showed superior stability over five successive oxidation runs. Thus, heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of biologically pretreated CGW by Fe Ox/SBAC, with the advantages of being economical, efficient and sustainable, holds promise for engineering application.     

青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料的营养价值研究

为探讨青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料潜在的营养价值,本研究以抗生素制药厂发酵剩余培养基(即青霉素菌渣)为研究对象,利用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱对菌渣中的非金属元素、金属元素进行了测定,并利用氨基酸分析仪、凯氏定氮法、DNS法、索氏提取法对其基本营养物质氨基酸、粗蛋白、总糖及脂肪含量进行了简单分析。结果表明:C、N、S、H 4种非金属元素含量较高,其中,动物体有机体常量元素C含量最高,质量分数为34.52%。相对而言,金属元素含量较低,其中K、Na等常量元素含量较高,4种重金属污染物Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量与相关国家饲料安全标准对照而得,均低于下限水平。此外,以蛋白质、脂肪和总糖含量为考察指标评价了青霉素菌渣的营养特性,并进一步分析了更有利于动物吸收利用的小分子氨基酸含量。结果表明:青霉素菌渣具有较高的潜在营养特性,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总糖含量均较高,分别为568.767、82.919、320.51 mg/g,同时各种为生命体生长所需的氨基酸含量较丰富,其中苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸含量最高。     

U及伴生重金属Mn、Pb对土壤酶活性的影响

通过盆栽实验,研究不同浓度条件下U、Mn、Pb对土壤酶(脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶)活性的影响。结果表明:U对四种酶均有抑制作用,其中脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性随着U浓度的增加而降低;Mn对脲酶、磷酸酶有抑制作用,对过氧化物酶则有促进作用,Mn浓度较低时促进蔗糖酶活性,高浓度时则抑制。Pb对脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性均有抑制作用,其中对磷酸酶抑制作用最强烈,然而低浓度Pb促进过氧化物酶活性。脲酶、磷酸酶对U、Mn、Pb污染反应更敏感。通过相关性分析、回归分析及生态抑制效应研究,结果表明土壤脲酶和磷酸酶适于作为监测评价土壤U污染的生物指标。脲酶、磷酸酶比蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶更适于表征土壤Mn、Pb污染程度。     

罗布泊“大耳朵”地区沉积物重金属含量及空间分布特征

以罗布泊"大耳朵"地区为研究区域,利用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计(GF-990)和火焰原子吸收分光光度计(AAS-990)分析测试了沉积物中Pb、Cu、Ni和Mn元素的总量,并测定了沉积物中有机质的含量,运用SPSS软件分析了各重金属总量与有机质之间的相互关系。结果表明:罗布泊"大耳朵"地区盐壳层沉积物中Pb含量的变化范围在2.57~58.63 mg/kg,Cu含量的变化范围在6.33~39.65 mg/kg,Ni含量的变化范围在5.55~46.33 mg/kg,Mn含量的变化范围在46.33~1474.60 mg/kg;除Pb的垂直分布随着深度的增加其含量减少并趋于稳定外,重金属Cu、Ni和Mn的总量在各剖面垂直方向上大部分呈波折多峰行分布,分布趋势差异较大;重金属Pb、Cu、Ni和Mn与有机质都存在显著相关性。     

多相混输管道内水合物形成过程研究进展

针对由水合物造成的管道堵塞,特别是油-气-水多相混输领域水合物堵塞尤为严重的问题,系统调研了水合物在多相混输管道内形成机理的研究进展,着重介绍了富油相/富水相和富气相两个体系;基于水合物颗粒微观作用机理,详细阐述了水合物颗粒间的黏聚和水合物颗粒与管壁间的黏附作用;指出了多相混输管道内水合物形成过程的未来研究方向.     

离心状态下吊篮系统有限元模拟

目的研究吊篮在离心载荷下的力学行为,尤其是强度和刚度性能。方法通过精细化模拟吊篮系统各部件间的接触关系,在对某离心机吊篮初始设计方案进行模拟分析的基础上,开展吊篮的强度性能研究,对吊篮结构的整体布局、主要部件强度考核和降低局部应力集中等多方面开展计算分析。结果在指定工况下吊耳与配重板之间的局部接触导致的应力集中,致使安全系数达不到强度要求。结论提出改进措施,改进设计后的吊篮结构强度得到了较大的提高,满足吊篮设计的强度要求。     

河南油田GIS设备漏气故障分析与处理

介绍了河南油田GIS设备漏气故障的处理方法,分析了漏气的原因,提出了相应的防范措施.     

铅蓄电池生产行业铅污染防治技术

从铅蓄电池的生产工艺及产污环节出发,就清洁生产、废气治理、废水治理、危废管理、卫生防护和运行监管等方面提出铅污染防治技术及措施。     

Greenhouse gas emission and its potential mitigation process from the waste sector in a large-scale exhibition

As one of the largest human activities, World Expo is an important source of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas emission (GHG), and the GHG emission and other environmental impacts of the Expo Shanghai 2010, where around 59,397 tons of waste was generated during 184 Expo running days, were assessed by life cycle assessment (LCA). Two scenarios, i.e., the actual and expected figures of the waste sector, were assessed and compared, and 124.01 kg CO₂-equivalent (CO₂-eq.), 4.43 kg SO₂-eq., 4.88 kg NO₃^--eq., and 3509 m³ water per ton tourist waste were found to be released in terms of global warming (GW), acidification (AC), nutrient enrichment (NE) and spoiled groundwater resources (SGWR), respectively. The total GHG emission was around 3499 ton CO₂-eq. from the waste sector in Expo Park, among which 86.47% was generated during the waste landfilling at the rate of 107.24 kg CO₂-eq., and CH₄, CO and other hydrocarbons (HC) were the main contributors. If the waste sorting process had been implemented according to the plan scenario, around 497 ton CO₂-eq. savings could have been attained. Unlike municipal solid waste, with more organic matter content, an incineration plant is more suitable for tourist waste disposal due to its high heating value, from the GHG reduction perspective.