不同生物接触氧化方法对藻类的去除效果比较及其途径分析

比较了3种生物接触氧化法对富营养化水源水中藻类的去除效果，探讨其去除藻类的途径。试验结果表明：淹没式曝气生物陶粒滤池（I型）在4-6m/h过滤速度条件下，对藻类总数的去除效率稳定，平均为70%左右；采用YDT弹性立体填料的中心导流筒曝气生物接触氧化法（Ⅱ型）与直接微孔曝气生物接触氧化法（Ⅲ型），在试验初期对藻类总数的去除率较低，平均去除率分别为60.2%、51.6%。但随着生物膜厚度的增加，试验后期对藻类的去除效果逐步得到提高，平均达70%以上。生物膜对藻类的生物絮凝、吸附、生物膜的脱落沉降等是生物接触氧化法去除藻类的主要途径。     

Combined effect of tributyltin and benzo[a] pyrene on the levels of sex hormone and vitellogenin in female Sebastiscus marmoratus

Tributyltin（TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide, has been reported to induce masculinization of fish. Benzo [a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been reported that its microsomal metabolites can produce an estrogenic response when tested in vitro. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of TBT, BaP and their mixture on sex hormone levels in serum of Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were given 2 separate intraperitoneally （ip） injections（a single injection every 7 d） of TBT（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, BaP（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, or both in combination（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）; control fish received olive oil vehicle only. Six days after the 2nd injection, serum samples were collected and analyzed for sex hormone levels and alkali labile protein phosphorus （ALPP）, which is related to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin. The pollutants at all doses significantly reduced serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP content after 2 injections compared with the corresponding controls. The reduction of the estradiol levels should be response for the decrease of the vitellogenin levels. The results in the present study suggested that aromatase seems not the major target acted by TBT and BaP in fish. This study demonstrated that TBT or BaP exposure both inhibit the reproductive potential in female Sebastiscus marmoratus. Combined effect of TBT and BaP on the serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP was not antagonism from the anticipation.     

大气总悬浮颗粒物污染趋势预测及防治措施研究--以黑龙江省七台河市新兴工业区为例

以黑龙江省七台河市环保局提供的1996～2000七台河市新兴工业区大气总悬浮颗粒物的监测数据作为预测的基础,采用等维灰数递补技术对七台河市新兴工业区大气总悬浮颗粒物浓度进行了预测,通过大气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的预测值和真实值的对比,较好的反映该工业区大气总悬浮颗粒物的变化趋势,同时分析了该工业区的大气污染的原因和特点,据此提出切实可行的大气污染治理对策.     

脉冲电晕等离子体脱硫脱氮与除尘技术

脉冲电晕放电是产生等离子体的方法之一，目前已达到工业性试验阶段，该文对脉冲电晕等离子脱硫脱氮与除尘技术的形成过程进行了回顾，对其理论作了分析，并简介了工艺流程，还指出了目前存在的主要问题和需研究的关键技术。     

水稻烤田期间N2O排放及其影响因素

水稻田间实验研究了烤田期间的土壤温度、Eh、含水量和裂缝基本性质,矿质态氮以及与氮有关的酶活性的演变规律,及其对N2O排放的影响.试验表明,在水稻分蘖期间烤田,N2O有一个排放高峰,其最高值可达75.6μg·m-2·h-1.在排放高峰后,即使继续烤田,N2O的排放值也将降低.N2O排放与尿素氮肥的施用量没有明显关系.裂缝的生成,改变了N2O的日排放规律.随着烤田时间的延长,脲酶和羟胺还原酶活性呈波动变化,硝酸还原酶活性递减,亚硝酸还原酶活性极低.硝酸还原酶活性与N2O排放之间没有显著相关性.土壤中的脲酶活性与N2O日排放通量呈显著的线性正相关.在烤田期间,NO-3含量呈增加趋势.土壤中的硝态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著正线性关系.土壤中的铵态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著负线性相关.     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

铁炭内电解法处理染料废水的试验

文章采用铁屑一活性炭内电解法作为光合细菌生化处理染料废水的预处理方法，考查了3个主要影响因素（铁炭比、停留时间、初始pH值）。结果表明，最佳的处理条件为：铁炭比为7：3，pH值为5，停留时间为60min。在上述最佳处理条件下，对初始COD为6790mg／L的染料废水处理效率可以达到66．1％，并且废水经预处理后可生化性得到大大提高，有利于后续生化处理的进行。     

填埋处理场易发的各种环境问题及其对策

固体废弃物的填埋处理法在处理量和处理成本等方面比起其他方法有很强的优势，然而填埋处理场如果得不到正确的运转和管理，将成为新的污染源，易引发地表水和地面水污染、大气污染以及甲烷气体爆炸等环境问题。鉴于上述问题，文中针对上述事例介绍了排气设备、诱引气床等物理和化学方面的防止对策。     

利用多次回归拟合水的饱和蒸气压与温度的关系表达式

在使用于湿球测定锅炉烟气含湿量的过程中,需要查找水的饱和蒸气压,非常不方便.利用D-196和<化工原理>上册中取得部分数据,用多次线性回归的方法,拟合出水在0～200℃范围内的饱和蒸气压与温度的关系表达式;并对该表达式的误差进行了分析,误差均值为0.2‰,最大值也只有0.8‰,完全可以满足环境监测中数据处理的精度要求.     

为防震减灾事业做好科普宣传--南京地震科学馆的建设与发展

从1989年江苏省第一届科普宣传周起,南京基准地震台都被列为宣传周期间重点对外开放单位.于是,南京地震台克服重重困难,筹建了地震科学馆.十多年来在江苏省地震局和有关单位的大力支持下,由最初腾出地震台的会议室和几间办公室发展到有530平方米的展室和多功能厅,展出内容也得到丰富.同时,地震科学馆在防震减灾宣传中取得了一定的社会效益.