水环境容量租金分配新模式及理论基础研究

为解决中国水环境容量日益稀缺情况下使用权的合理分配问题,在分析了目前现有水环境容量分配模式普遍存在的严重弊端和缺陷,基于产权理论、价值理论和地租理论等,提出了水环境容量分配新模式-租金分配模式,并考虑到各种复杂的影响因素和中国的实际情况,提出了间接确定水环境容量使用租金的综合计算公式。     

锰尾矿、矿渣浸出毒性及Cd、Pb溶出特性研究

锰尾矿、矿渣是锰生产过程中形成的废弃物,里面的很多物质都会在自然条件下如雨水淋溶而溶出,进入到土壤和水体中造成环境污染。通过对锰尾矿、矿渣进行浸出毒性实验;以及结合到当地的自然条件,考查浸泡体系pH值、温度、液固比的变化条件,对尾矿、矿渣中Pb、Cd溶出含量的影响,明确了锰尾矿、矿渣属于一般的工业固体废物,以及Pb、Cd的溶出特性。     

轮叶黑藻去除水体中氮磷能力研究

通过比较在不同梯度营养盐浓度下,沉水植物轮叶黑藻对水体中氮、磷的去除能力,研究得出：在不同营养条件下,轮叶黑藻对水体中总磷（TP）均有较好的去除效果,总氮（TN）处理浓度较高（15mg/L）时,轮叶黑藻对水体中的TN也有较好的去除效果;在一定的浓度范围内,轮叶黑藻的净化效果随水体中氮、磷等物质含量增加而增大,轮叶黑藻是一种很好的水体净化植物,在一些富营养化的水体中可以适当配置轮叶黑藻进行生态修复。     

变频器对测震仪器系统产生干扰的原因分析

本文从乌什地震台数字化测震仪器系统出现50Hz的电干扰信号和数据接收系统出现传输中断等现象入手,通过系统分析认为,乌什地震台在架设无塔供水设施时使用了变频器,变频器的使用是导致数字化测震仪器系统产生干扰的原因所在。针对干扰出现的成因,我们使用了数字滤波、接地等一些方法,取得了一定的效果。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

Microbial biodegradation of microcystin-RR by bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ...     

Enhanced and irreversible sorption of pesticide pyrimethanil by soil amended with biochars

Biochar derived from partial combustion of vegetation is ubiquitous and potentially effective in sequestration of environmental contaminants.Biochars were prepared by burning of red gum(Eucalyptus spp.) woodchips at 450 and 850°C(labeled as BC450 and BC850).These two biochars were found to possess markedly different properties in terms of surface area and porosity.Short-term equilibration tests(24 hr) were conducted to assess the sorption-desorption behavior of pyrimethanil in the soil amended with various amounts of biochar of each type,with a special focus on the desorption behavior of the sorbed pesticide through four times successive desorption by dilution.Sorption coefficient and isotherm nonlinearity of the amended soils progressively increased with the content of biochar in the soil.Biochar BC850 with higher surface area and microporosity showed a stronger effect on the reversibility of sorption pesticide.The soils amended with 5% BC450 and 1% BC850 had nearly the same sorption capacity for pyrimethanil;however,their desorption processes were very different with 13.65% and 1.49% of the sorbed pesticide being released,respectively.This study suggested that biochar in soil could be an important factor for immobilization of a pesticide and thus affecting its environment fate in soil.     

Effect of seed sludge on characteristics and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated by using different kinds of seed sludge in sequencing batch airlift reactor.The influence of seed sludge on physical and chemical properties of granular sludge was studied;the microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that seed sludge played an important role on the formation of aerobic granules.Seed sludge taken from beer wastewater treatment plant(inoculum A) was more suitable for cultivating aerobic granules than that of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant(inoculum B).Cultivated with inoculum A, large amount of mature granules formed after 35 days operation, its SVI reached 32.75 mL/g, and SOUR of granular sludge was beyond 1.10 mg/(g·min).By contrast, it needed 56 days obtaining mature granules using inoculum B.DGGE profiles indicated that the dominant microbial species in mature granules were 18 and 11 OTU when inoculum A and B were respectively employed as seed sludge.The sequencing results suggested that dominant species in mature granules cultivated by inoculum A were Paracoccus sp., Devosia hwasunensi, Pseudoxanthomonas sp., while the dominant species were Lactococcus raffinolactis and Pseudomonas sp.in granules developed from inoculum B.     

活塞式压缩机的降噪治理

对天然气活塞式压缩机产生噪声的原因进行了分析,依据噪声产生机理,提出了相应的治理措施和对策,经过治理,达到了GB12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》Ⅱ级标准,减少了噪声危害;保证了设备的正常操作及维护。     

燃煤机组超低排放改造对汞的脱除效果研究

燃煤烟气中汞污染的控制是目前重要的环保课题之一,燃煤电厂利用现有的脱硝、脱硫、除尘设备去除汞,文章分析燃煤电厂烟气净化设备超低排放改造后汞的排放水平,说明现有废气处理设施超低排放改造,既能有效降低烟尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放浓度,也有利于汞的去除,燃煤机组超低排放改造后汞的排放浓度远低于现行0.03 mg/m3的限值;通过分析燃煤电厂现有烟气净化设备对汞的协同去除效果和脱除汞的原理,提出了未来燃煤烟气汞污染控制措施的建议.