微生物燃料电池与好氧堆肥协同处理餐厨垃圾

实验主张将餐厨固体垃圾和餐厨废水分开处理,并研究微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为餐厨废水和堆肥渗滤液处理工艺的可行性,通过调节不同的有机负荷,分析其生物产电的潜力和处理效率。对于餐厨废水而言,3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度,输出电压最高,始终维持在0.5 V以上;高于此浓度时电压输出特性与底物浓度呈现反相关,输出电压略低于0.5 V。极化曲线,电化学阻抗分析等也都表明3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度。而且在各种浓度下经MFC处理后的餐厨废水去除率均在90%左右,出水COD均低于400 mg/L。至于堆肥渗滤液,虽然在产电性能、去除效果上较餐厨废水稍差一些,但整体上与餐厨废水呈现出相似的规律。以上结果表明,餐厨垃圾中的废水可以通过MFC有效的去除和实现能量的回收。     

Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor and regional integration analysis to characterize organic matter humification

The present several humification indexes cannot provide the whole fluorescence information on organic matter composition and the evaluation results from them are inconsistent sometimes. In this study, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor analysis and fluorescence regional integration analysis were utilized to investigate organic matter humification, and the projection pursuit cluster (PPC) model was applied to form a suitable index for overcoming the difficulties in multi-index evaluation. The result showed that the ratio between the volume of humic- and fulvic-like fluorescence region and the volume of protein-like fluorescence region not only revealed the heterogeneity of organic matter, but also provided more accurate information on organic matter humification. In addition, the results showed that the PPC model could be used to characterize integrally the humification, and the projected characteristic value calculated from the PPC model could be used as the integrated humification evaluation index.     

焦化项目大气污染特征及环境影响评价

以甘肃省酒泉市阿克塞哈萨克族自治县某焦化项目为案例,在分析其工艺流程和排污环节的基础上,利用AERMOD模型定量预测评价该焦化项目对区域大气环境质量的影响程度。预测结果表明：SO2,NO2,NH3,H2S的区域最大地面小时质量浓度占标率分别为15.8%,29.6%,16.8%,24.8%;SO2、NO2、苯并[a]芘、固体悬浮物（TSP）的区域最大日均质量浓度占标率分别为7.5%,11.4%,7.2%,95.8%;TSP最大日均质量浓度坐标点为（500,0）,位于厂界内部,高浓度是由焦化厂低矮面源造成的,且浓度随距离消减得较快。     

Removal and mechanism of Cu (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous single-metal solutions by a novel biosorbent from waste-activated sludge

The removal and mechanism of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ from aqueous single-metal solutions were investigated by using a novel biosorbent from waste-activated sludge. A series of adsorption experiments was designed to disclose the effects of the key factors on the adsorption capacity of the biosorbent for the metal ions. The mass ratio of the biosorbent to metal ion was optimized as 2 to balance the adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency. A right shaking speed (150 r/min) not only ensured enough contact frequency between the sorbent and the adsorbate but also reduced the mass transfer resistance. The natural pH value (about 5.5) of the metal solutions benefited a high adsorption capacity of the biosorbent and avoided the consumption of acid or base for pH adjustment. The adsorption reactions belonged to the endothermic process between 15 and 45 °C. As the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed, the meshy structure with long chains and many branches was ideal for the biosorbent to quickly capture the metal ions. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra confirmed that the adsorbed metal ions lay in the precipitates of the adsorption reactions. According to the FTIR analyses, the functional groups responsible for Cu²⁺ adsorption majorly consisted of O–H, N–H, COOH, CONH₂, and the groups containing sulfur and phosphorus, while those for Cd²⁺ adsorption contained O–H, N–H, COOH, and CONH₂. The differences in the responsible functional groups explained the phenomenon that the adsorption capacity of the biosorbent for Cu²⁺ was higher than that for Cd²⁺.     

Enhancement of nitric oxide decomposition efficiency achieved with lanthanum-based perovskite-type catalyst

Direct decompositions of nitric oxide (NO) by La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄, La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ are experimentally investigated, and the catalysts are tested with different operating parameters to evaluate their activities. Experimental results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ are significantly improved by doping with Ba and partial substitution with Pr. NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ are 32% and 68%, respectively, at 400 °C with He as carrier gas. As the temperature is increased to 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, respectively, reach 100% with the inlet NO concentration of 1000 ppm while the space velocity is fixed at 8000 hr^?1. Effects of O₂, H₂O_(g), and CO₂ contents and space velocity on NO decomposition are also explored. The results indicate that NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, respectively, are slightly reduced as space velocity is increased from 8000 to 20,000 hr^?1 at 500 °C. In addition, the activities of both catalysts (La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄) for NO decomposition are slightly reduced in the presence of 5% O₂, 5% CO₂, or 5% H₂O_(g). For durability test, with the space velocity of 8000 hr^?1 and operating temperature of 600 °C, high N₂ yield is maintained throughout the durability test of 60 hr, revealing the long-term stability of Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ for NO decomposition. Overall, Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ shows good catalytic activity for NO decomposition.

Implications: Nitrous oxide (NO) not only causes adverse environmental effects such as acid rain, photochemical smog, and deterioration of visibility and water quality, but also harms human lungs and respiratory system. Pervoskite-type catalysts, including La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄, La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, are applied for direct NO decomposition. The results show that NO decomposition can be enhanced as La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ is substituted with Ba and/or Pr. At 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ reach 100%, demonstrating high activity and good potential for direct NO decomposition. Effects of O₂, H₂O_(g), and CO₂ contents on catalytic activities are also evaluated and discussed.     

晋江西溪流域茶园降雨径流产污特征

在野外模拟降雨条件下,开展了晋江西溪流域茶园和裸地的径流产沙及氮磷养分流失过程对比实验,研究结果表明,在相同降雨强度下,3种下垫面径流和产沙量顺序均为:裸地＞2年茶园＞4年茶园,径流量与产沙量之间呈显著正相关.对地表径流水相而言,2年茶园、4年茶园和裸地的TN流失量分别为:461.29、129.38和107.86 mg/m2;NO3-N流失量分别为:286.42、98.58和103.00 mg/m2,均占TN流失量的60％以上;NH4-N流失量分别为:48.67、16.19和4.42 mg/m2;Tp流失量分别为:34.71、16.47和23.88 mg/m2.对径流泥沙相而言,2年茶园、4年茶园和裸地的TN流失量分别为:379.28、44.81和747.16 mg/m2,占流失总量的比重在25.72％～87.93％之间;TP流失量分别为:27.94、4.17和58.85 mg/m2,占流失总量的比重在53.42％ ～68.36％之间.茶园的N、P主要随径流流失,而裸地以泥沙迁移为主.这说明茶叶种植具有一定的水土保持效应,且种植年限较长的茶园可显著减少随径流泥沙进入水体中的N、P元素.     

石化高架火炬污染源的大气环境影响评价要点

针对石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中存在的难点与问题,结合现行有关技术导则、工程规范和环境影响评价实践,提出了高架火炬大气环境影响评价的工作内容和评价原则,并对技术难点给出了解决方案,结合案例从环境影响和预测评价、环保措施、平面布置合理性等方面探讨了石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中的要点。     

Novel Glycopolymers Based on d-Mannose and Methacrylates: Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Biodegradability Testing

This paper presents the synthesis, thermal stability and biodegradability of new d-mannose glycopolymers. These glycopolymers have been obtained by free radical bulk copolymerization of d-mannose based glycomonomer, 1-O-(2′-hydroxy-3′-methacryloyloxypropyl)-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-mannofuranose (Mm), and respectively d-mannose derived oligomer (Mo) with methyl methacrylate and respectively 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. The chemical structures of Mm and Mo have been confirmed via FTIR, ¹H-NMR and HPLC–MS spectroscopy. The copolymerization process has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, which allowed calculating the activation energies by applying Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method. The glycopolymers are thermally stable, fact assessed by TG analysis; their glass transition temperature exceeds 50 °C, so they are part of the glassy class of polymers. The biodegradability of these glycopolymers has been investigated in vitro, using pure cultures of Zymomonas mobilis and Trichoderma reesei. The glycopolymers lose up to 55 % weight in just 14 days of incubation as their surface and composition is altered by colonies of microorganisms that grow on/into them, fact demonstrated using SEM/EDX.     

钴钛层柱粘土催化剂催脱除零价汞简

采用钴-钛层柱粘土催化剂,向烟气中添加HCl气体进行零价汞的催化脱除实验研究。考察了反应温度及催化剂的焙烧温度、Ti/粘土、活性组分（Co）负载量等制备条件对零价汞催化脱除效果的影响。研究表明,在HCl含量20×10^-6的模拟烟气中,焙烧温度为400℃、Ti/粘土为15 mmol/g、Co含量为5 wt%（以CoO计）的钴钛层柱粘土催化剂（Co-Ti-PILCs）在空速为1.0×10⁴ h^-1、温度为300℃时零价汞脱除效率为86.7%。     

国内成功运营的餐厨垃圾处理厂臭气排放特征研究简

选择目前国内成功运营的餐厨垃圾资源化处理厂为采样点,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）技术对该厂的主要工段,如卸料室、破碎室、湿热反应器出气口、好氧发酵仓、厌氧发酵区以及厂界的臭气进行了定性和定量的分析。结果表明,6个采样点共检测出包括芳香烃、硫化物、卤代物、烯烃、烷烃、醇、醛、酮和酯在内的9类66种物质,各采样点臭气总浓度分别为：11.738、18.390、30.917、25.097、4.737和2.635 mg/m³。其中湿热反应器出气口处恶臭气体浓度最高,其芳香烃、硫化物、卤代物、烯烃、烷烃、酮及酯类物质均高于其他检测点,需对该工段进行重点监测和控制。恶臭排放特征分析表明,各点的H₂S浓度均超过嗅觉阈值,除厂界外甲硫醇和二甲二硫检测值均超过嗅觉阈值。