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941.
考察了煤矸石中Al2O3和Fe2O3在不同浓度盐酸中的浸出行为,着重探讨了Al2O3和Fe2O3在高浓度盐酸中的溶出规律。通过与文献中AlCl3和FeCl3在不同浓度盐酸中的溶解度数据对照,发现煤矸石中Al2O3的溶出率受AlCl3溶解度的影响显著,而Fe2O3的溶出则基本不受FeCl3溶解度影响。进一步的研究结果表明,在高浓度盐酸中,煤矸石中Al2O3的溶出率显著降低,高浓度的盐酸不影响Fe2O3的溶出。当煤矸石的煅烧温度为700℃、酸浸温度为33℃时,酸浸固液比为1∶1(g/mL),利用37%的高浓度盐酸酸浸,Fe2O3和Al2O3的溶出率分别为48.7%和7.3%,可实现煤矸石中铁铝的有效分离。 相似文献
942.
943.
针对单层多孔隙沥青路面容易阻塞的问题,提出双层多孔隙沥青路面结构形式,采用有限元的方法,应用空气介质和吸声结构的声一固耦合模型,通过大型商用软件ABAQUS对多孔隙沥青路面吸声结构的吸声性能进行数值仿真模拟,分析了双层多孔隙沥青路面中空隙率组合以及厚度组合下的降噪特性,据此提出适宜的双层多孔隙沥青路面结构参数,计算结果表明双层多孔隙沥青路面结构,当上层空隙率为10%,下层空隙率为25%,上层厚度为2cm,下层厚度为4cm时,吸声效果较好。结论可为双层多孔隙沥青路面的应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
944.
Jianping Xue Shi V. Liu Halûk Özkaynak John D. Spengler 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1508-1515
Abstract To examine factors influencing long‐term ozone (O3) exposures by children living in urban communities, the authors analyzed longitudinal data on personal, indoor, and outdoor O3 concentrations, as well as related housing and other questionnaire information collected in the one‐year‐long Harvard Southern California Chronic Ozone Exposure Study. Of 224 children contained in the original data set, 160 children were found to have longitudinal measurements of O3 concentrations in at least six months of 12 months of the study period. Data for these children were randomly split into two equal sets: one for model development and the other for model validation. Mixed models with various variance‐covariance structures were developed to evaluate statistically important predictors for chronic personal ozone exposures. Model predictions were then validated against the field measurements using an empirical best‐linear unbiased prediction technique.The results of model fitting showed that the most important predictors for personal ozone exposure include indoor O3 concentration, central ambient O3 concentration, outdoor O3 concentration, season, gender, outdoor time, house fan usage, and the presence of a gas range in the house. Hierarchical models of personal O3 concentrations indicate the following levels of explanatory power for each of the predictive models: indoor and outdoor O3 concentrations plus questionnaire variables, central and indoor O3 concentrations plus questionnaire variables, indoor O3 concentrations plus questionnaire variables, central O3 concentrations plus questionnaire variables, and questionnaire data alone on time activity and housing characteristics. These results provide important information on key predictors of chronic human exposures to ambient O3 for children and offer insights into how to reliably and cost‐effectively predict personal O3 exposures in the future. Furthermore, the techniques and findings derived from this study also have strong implications for selecting the most reliable and cost‐effective exposure study design and modeling approaches for other ambient pollutants, such as fine particulate matter and selected urban air toxics. 相似文献
945.
采用AOAB(水解酸化A1+生物接触氧化O+深度水解酸化A2+曝气生物滤池BAF)工艺处理难降解混合化工污水,重点研究工艺挂膜方式和生物膜的驯化。结果表明,采用分段连续式挂膜法进行反应器挂膜,20 d即可完成快速挂膜启动;采用分阶段同步培养驯化法驯化生物膜,30 d内可完成高浓度多组分混合化工污水进水的驯化,最终进水COD 1 456 mg/L,出水COD 324 mg/L,总去除率76.85%,驯化效果显著;整个工艺对COD的降解主要集中在生物接触氧化池和曝气生物滤池,驯化期间生物接触氧化池去除率稳定在40%左右,曝气生物滤池去除率稳定在50%以上。同时,通过对比一段水解酸化和深度水解酸化的VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)产出,表明在高有机负荷进水时,一段水解酸化降解大分子有机物的能力有限,但这些有机物可通过二段水解酸化再次降解,由此体现了AOAB工艺在处理多组分混合型的难降解化工污水的优势。 相似文献
946.
Huayun Yang Bin Xue Ling Li Shanshan Zhou Yunjie Tu Chunmian Lin 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):219-223
The hydrolysis of the insecticide pyraclofos in buffered solutions at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0, and its sorption on four soils of different physicochemical properties were investigated. The results showed that the degradation of pyraclofos in buffered solutions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At 40°C, the rate constants for the hydrolysis of pyraclofos at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 were 0.0214, 0.1293, and 2.1656 d?1, respectively. Pyraclofos was relatively stable under both acidic and neutral conditions, while it was readily hydrolyzed under basic conditions. The sorption of pyraclofos on four soils was well described by the Freundlich equation. The sorption constant, K f, increased with an increase in soil organic carbon content, suggesting that organic carbon content was an important factor affecting sorption. The K oc values for Xiaoshan clay loam soil, Hangzhou I clay loam soil, Hangzhou II soil, and Fuyang silt loam soil were 30.4, 6.7, 5.3, and 7.1, respectively. These results suggest that the sorption of pyraclofos on the tested soils was relatively weak. 相似文献
947.
Wang Ling-Yu Li Xue Luo Kun Song Yu-Hao Liu Ren-Guo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72159-72168
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)-modified diatomite and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified... 相似文献
948.
Cui Yuanpei Wei Zikun Xue Qinglin Sohail Sidra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(30):45612-45622
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of various levels of education on CO2 emissions in China. Moreover, the study also tested... 相似文献
949.
950.
针对城市污泥(初沉污泥、剩余污泥)和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液2种市政废物的协同厌氧消化产气量不足的问题,采用投加零价铁的方式,探究零价铁对厌氧消化过程中产酸和产甲烷阶段的强化作用,并研究消化前后COD、VSS、氨氮以及上清液离子的变化。以初沉污泥与剩余污泥体积比4∶1、渗滤液添加量为15%的基质作为底物,投加不同浓度零价铁进行厌氧消化。结果表明:零价铁能有效提升协同厌氧消化系统中总挥发性脂肪酸产量、促进丙酸分解、进一步降解复杂有机物;当零价铁投入量为4 g·L−1时,累计产甲烷量最高达189.65 mL·g−1(以VSS计),相比对照组提升了30.1%,其产气速率符合一次函数和Scholl Canyon模型指数衰减规律;在25 g·L−1和40 g·L−1的高投加量零价铁条件下,产气高峰提前,但累计甲烷产量低于对照组;随着零价铁的投加量增加,COD降解率呈下降趋势,VSS降解率提升,氨氮变化不大;此外,消化液上清液中,正磷酸盐、硫酸根浓度明显减少,这与亚铁离子的混凝沉淀作用相关,同时也是削弱零价铁强化作用的原因之一。研究结果可为城市污泥和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液协同厌氧消化提供参考。 相似文献