产耐温蛋白酶苏云金芽孢杆菌FS140液体发酵条件优化

应用快速有效的数学统计方法对苏云金芽孢菌FS140耐温蛋白酶的发酵条件进行优化.首先采用二水平Plackett-Burman设计对影响产酶的8因素进行筛选,获得培养基成分中3个重要影响的因子:黄豆饼粉、酵母粉、葡萄糖;再利用响应面分析法对该3个因素进行3水平的优化,获得它们的最佳组合:黄豆饼粉1.8%、酵母粉0.36%、葡萄糖0.14%.优化后产酶水平达到837.71U mL-1,与响应面数学模型的预测值只有1.34%的误差.同时进行了发酵温度、初始pH、摇瓶装量与接种量等发酵条件的优化,FS140最终发酵产酶水平达918.91U mL-1.图2表5参14     

Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has been established in China since 1973. In present EIA cases, there are four participants in general: governments, enterprises, EIA organizations and the public. The public has held responsible for both social costs and social duties. The public supervises social costs produced by enterprises discharging pollutant in EIA. However public participation is mostly deputized by governments, which severely weaken the independence of the public as one participant in EIA. In this paper, EIA refers to the different attitudes of the participants whose optional strategies may be described by a proper game model. According to disfigurements in EIA, three sides (governments, enterprises, and EIA organizations) dynamic iterative game theory, dynamic game theory of incomplete information, and perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory to analyze the reciprocity relation among governments, EIA organizations and enterprises. The results show that in a short period, economic benefit is preponderant over social benefit. Governments and enterprises both do not want to take EIA to reveal social costs. EIA organizations’ income comes from enterprises and the collusions are built between them to vindicate economic benefit. In a long run, social benefit loss caused by environmental pollution must be recuperated sooner or later and environmental deterioration will influence the achievements of economic benefit, so both governments and enterprises are certain to pursue high social benefit and willing to take EIA, helpful to increase private benefit. EIA organizations will make fair assessment when their economic benefit are ensured. At present, the public as silent victims can not take actual part in EIA. The EIA system must be improved to break the present equilibrium of three sides, bringing the public to the equilibrium to exert public supervision.     

Simultaneous absorption of NO and SO2 into hexamminecobalt(II)/iodide solution

An innovative catalyst system has been developed to simultaneously remove NO and SO2 from combustion flue gas. Such catalyst system may be introduced to the scrubbing solution using ammonia solution to accomplish sequential absorption and catalytic oxidation of both NO and SO2 in the same reactor. When the catalyst system is utilized for removing NO and SO2 from the flue gas, Co(NH3)(6)2+ ions act as the catalyst and I- as the co-catalyst. Dissolved oxygen, in equilibrium with the residual oxygen in the flue gas, is the oxidant. The overall removal process is further enhanced by UV irradiation at 365 nm. More than 95% of NO is removed at a feed concentration of 250-900 ppm, and nearly 100% of SO2 is removed at a feed concentration of 800-2500 ppm. The sulfur dioxide co-existing in the flue gas is beneficial to NO absorption into hexamminecobalt(II)/iodide solution. NO and SO2 can be converted to ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate that can be used as fertilizer materials. The process described here demonstrates the feasibility of removing SO2 and NO simultaneously only by retrofitting the existing wet ammonia flue-gas-desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers.     

活性炭多维电极法去除水中腐殖酸过程与宏观动力学研究

采用活性炭多维电极法去除水中溶解态腐殖酸。实验结果表明 ,与活性炭单纯吸附法相比 ,活性炭多维电极法可显著提高对溶解态腐殖酸的去除率 ;在连续运行条件下 ,延长水力停留时间、升高槽电压、溶液偏碱性有利于腐殖酸的去除 ;高效液相色谱分析结果表明 ,电极的氧化还原作用可使有机物分子量变小或矿化 ,因而处理系统有可能延长活性炭的使用寿命     

水葫芦对萘的降解作用研究

分别在静态和动态两种条件下 ,以水葫芦为对象 ,对水生植物净化塘处理萘污水进行研究。结果表明 ,在静态试验中 ,水葫芦净化塘对浓度为 2 5、6 5和 16 1mg L萘污水的 7d净化率分别为 97 1%、93 7%和 90 4 %。动态试验中 ,相同浓度萘污水 7d后的出水净化效率分别为 99 2 %— 99 9%、97 3%— 98 6 %和 94 6 %— 96 7%。进水浓度分别为1 2mg L和 6 5mg L萘污水在水葫芦净化塘中的最佳停留时间分别为 5d和 7d ,水葫芦净化塘动态过程的净化效率高于静态过程     

火化过程中二噁英类污染物减排技术研究

为减少火化过程中二噁英类污染物的排放,研究了"热交换器 布袋除尘器 活性炭纤维毡"三级组合对火化遗体烟气中二噁英类污染物的去除效果.利用急冷技术将二次燃烧室排出的火化烟气温度降到90～130℃.实验表明,布袋除尘器去除火化烟气中二噁英类污染物的效率为57.4%;布袋除尘器分别与厚度为5、15 mm的活性炭纤维毡组合去除火化烟气中二噁英类污染物的效率分别为64.0%和89.2%.     

聚乙烯可环境消纳塑料的生物降解性能研究

采用生物活性剂对无机粉体进行表面处理,利用碱性无机材料的吸水性能制备出含少量淀粉和碱性无机材料的光钙型可环境消纳聚乙烯制品,通过力学性能、ASTM生物降解性能和卫生性能等分析,结果表明,该制品达到了HJBZ12-2000标准中规定的包装制品的标准要求和生物降解率的技术要求.     

Span80-Tween60/T154/煤油/H2SO4微乳液膜处理氨氮废水

研究了以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的微乳液膜的配方及其稳定性，通过Span80-Tween60/T154/煤油/H2SO4微乳液膜体系处理氨氮废水的研究，考察了表面活性剂的配比、T154的浓度、萃取时间、乳水比、外水相pH值、油相回用次数等因素对氨氮萃取率的影响。实验结果表明，当Span80和Tween60的质量比为4∶1，T154在煤油中的质量浓度为5％，萃取时间为15 min，乳水比为1∶14，外水相pH值为9时，氨氮一次性萃取率可到99.85％；该微乳液膜不仅稳定性好，对氨氮萃取率高，而且制乳、破乳容易，油相可重复使用。     

污水处理中的人工湿地强化技术研究

人工湿地作为一种新型污水生态处理工艺受到越来越广泛的重视，在生活污水、特种工业废水、采矿污水、农业和畜牧业污水以及水产养殖废水等处理中得到了广泛的应用。但是其本身的局限却限制了它在高浓度废水、某些工业废水处理等方面的应用，在寒冷地区的应用也受到限制。本研究分析了一些强化技术（如湿地内部要素强化、工艺强化和工程强化等）在提高人工湿地的净化效能以及扩大其应用范围的可能性。     

Sorption and desorption hysteresis of organic contaminants by kerogen in a sandy aquifer material

Sorption and desorption hysteresis of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene were investigated for the Borden aquifer material with total organic carbon of 0.021% and the isolated natural organic matter (NOM). The isolated NOM is a kerogen type of organic matter with relatively low maturation degree and contained many different types of organic matters including vitrinite particles. The modified Freundlich sorption capacities (logK^′_f and logK^′_foc) are very close for the sorption of the four solutes by the isolated NOM and the original sand, respectively. Isotherm non-linearity (n value) and hysteric behaviors are related to solute molecular properties (e.g. K_ow and molecular size). Kerogen encapsulated by inorganic matrices in the original aquifer may not be accessed fully by solutes. The larger the hydrophobic organic chemical (HOC) (hydrophobic organic contaminant) molecule is, the lower accessibility of the HOC to kerogen. This study disputes widely held hypothesis that sorption to mineral surfaces may play a major role in the overall sorption by low TOC (e.g. 0.1% by mass) geomaterials such as Borden sand. It also demonstrates the importance of the condensed NOM domain, even at very low contents, in the sorption and desorption hysteresis of HOCs in groundwater systems.