活性污泥数学模型中溶解性惰性COD的测定

溶解性惰性COD(S1)是决定污水处理厂出水COD能否达标的关键指标.针对溶解性微生物产物对S1测定的影响,对S1的测定方法进行了修正.实际生活污水的测定试验表明,该方法具有很好的重现性和准确性.在长距离输送的合流制污水的实测过程中发现:晴天条件下,瞬时样的S1/COD和Si/SCOD(溶解性COD)变动较大,在24 h混合样中St/COD和S1/SCOD较为稳定,分别为(9.2±0.3)%和(27.3士2.1)%;暴雨天气下,S1/COD和S1/SCOD会明显增加.     

投加沸石粉活性污泥搅拌参数优化及其对离子交换速率的影响研究

在0.3 m×0.3 m×0.36 m方形搅拌槽中初步探讨了不同的搅拌器类型、安装高度以及曝气强度对投加了沸石粉的高浓度活性污泥悬浮状态的影响,并根据固液悬浮理论确定了最佳的搅拌参数.同时,进行了不同搅拌速率下沸石对污水中氨氮的离子交换动力学研究.结果表明在无曝气的情况下,选用三叶推进式搅拌器,搅拌器离底高度为1/3搅拌器直径时所需要的临界搅拌速率最低.曝气有助于反应池中污泥的悬浮,对于30 g/L的污泥,当曝气强度由10 m3/(m2·h)增大1倍时,临界搅拌速率降低了50%.搅拌速率为120 r/min时,沸石对污水中氨氮的离子交换速率受膜扩散过程控制,当其增大为180 r/min时,其控制步骤为粒内扩散,沸石粉活性污泥达到完全均匀悬浮的临界搅拌速率不足以满足传质的要求.需增大一定程度.     

CO2 mineral sequestration in oil-shale wastes from Estonian power production

In the Republic of Estonia, local low-grade carbonaceous fossil fuel--Estonian oil-shale--is used as a primary energy source. Combustion of oil-shale is characterized by a high specific carbon emission factor (CEF). In Estonia, the power sector is the largest CO(2) emitter and is also a source of huge amounts of waste ash. Oil-shale has been burned by pulverized firing (PF) since 1959 and in circulating fluidized-bed combustors (CFBCs) since 2004-2005. Depending on the combustion technology, the ash contains a total of up to 30% free Ca-Mg oxides. In consequence, some amount of emitted CO(2) is bound by alkaline transportation water and by the ash during hydraulic transportation and open-air deposition. The goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving the extent of CO(2) capture using additional chemical and technological means, in particular the treatment of aqueous ash suspensions with model flue gases containing 10-15% CO(2). The results indicated that both types of ash (PF and CFBC) could be used as sorbents for CO(2) mineral sequestration. The amount of CO(2) captured averaged 60-65% of the carbonaceous CO(2) and 10-11% of the total CO(2) emissions.     

污泥回流比对厌氧/好氧工艺除磷效果影响的研究

以长距离输送的合流制污水为进水,考察不同污泥回流比下厌氧/好氧(A/O)工艺对COD、N、P的去除效果,深入研究污泥回流比对生物除P代谢过程的影响.结果表明,污泥回流比对COD及NH+4-N的去除没有明显影响,但对TN、TP、PO3-4-P的去除影响较大.随着污泥回流比的增大,聚磷菌(PAO)的厌氧释P量逐渐减小,P的去除率逐渐降低.减小污泥回流比,可延长A/O工艺厌氧池实际HRT,增加PAO在厌氧池可有效利用的碳源,使PAO在厌氧池充分释P,从而提高除P效率.     

珠三角地区冬季大气中PCBs的空间分布

为了考察珠三角地区冬季大气中PCBs的空间分布,于2001年12月24日至2002年1月16日在广州的市区、郊区和背景区进行连续的空气样品采样.采用GC-MS-SIM模式进行PCBs分析.结果表明,空气中PCBs的总浓度按照距离市区从近到远的次序依次降低.市区PCBs平均浓度是郊区的1.61倍,是背景区的2.54倍.PCBs各单体化合物的浓度分布表现出明显的地区差异.低氯取代PCBs的市区浓度比郊区和背景区的浓度高出很多,而高氯取代PCBs的空间差异不明显.在不同氯数PCB浓度之和对PCBs总浓度的百分贡献率分布中,市区、郊区和背景区都表现为三氯和四氯取代PCBs的贡献最大,而且不同地区两者的贡献率之和非常接近.市区和郊区空气中三氯和四氯取代PCBs的贡献比较接近;而背景区空气中四氯取代PCBs的贡献高达52.79%,是三氯贡献的近2倍.郊区和背景区空气中五氯取代PCBs的平均贡献率分别是9.65%和10.87%.仅就颗粒相而言,其PCBs平均贡献率在市区、郊区和背景区表现出非常好的一致性.对市区、郊区和背景区空气中log Kp与log PLo进行回归分析,其斜率mr分别是-0.60、-0.42和-0.45,都明显地偏离空气中气/固分配的理想平衡状态.     

A field study of the relationship between sulfide-bound metals and bioaccumulation by Limnodrilus sp. in a heavily polluted river

Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) has been regarded as an important factor controlling metal bioavailability in anoxic sediments, but its effect on metal accumulation under natural conditions is poorly understood. Here, a field study of the influence of AVS on metal accumulation by Limnodrilus sp. in a heavily polluted river is provided. Most of the study area was subject to anaerobic and strongly reducing conditions, and the concentration of trace metals in surface sediments was high, as were the concentration of AVS and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM; average AVS?=?20.3 μmol g^?1, average ∑SEM₅?=?9.42 μmol g^?1; ∑SEM₅ refers to the sum of SEM_Cd, SEM_Cu, SEM_Pb, SEM_Ni, and SEM_Zn). Only a few species and small quantities of benthic invertebrates were found, and Limnodrilus sp. was dominant. There was no correlation between trace metal accumulation and (SEM-AVS), and in stations where (SEM-AVS) <0, the absolute value of bioaccumulation was high (average ∑BIO₅?=?4.07 μmol g^?1; ∑BIO₅ refers to the sum of BIO_Cd, BIO_Cu, BIO_Pb, BIO_Ni, and BIO_Zn), indicating that there was no relationship between (SEM–AVS) and metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp. This was likely because Limnodrilus sp. ingest sediment particles as their main food source, so pore water metals play a minor role in their bioaccumulation (BIO) of materials. However, ∑BIO₅ was significantly correlated with ∑SEM₅ (r?=?0.795, p?<?0.01), revealing that the large number of sulfide-bound metals (SEM) in sediments may play an important role in metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp., which can assimilate sulfide-associated metals by the help of the digestive fluids in the digestive systems.     

Impact of renewable energy on economic growth? Novel evidence from developing countries through MMQR estimations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to examine the association between economic growth and energy consumption (renewable and nonrenewable). The data was collected from 80...     

新型控失型肥料应用推广中存在的问题与对策研究

农业化肥的使用量持续增加,化肥过量使用导致的面源污染日益严重.科学的选择适当的肥料,可以有效地控制肥料使用量,从而控制农业化肥面源污染.控失型肥料是一种优质高效的新型环保型肥料,具有长效、增产、环保和节本省时等优点.农业生产过程中广泛应用控失型肥料可以有效降低农业化肥面源污染,实现农业生态、经济和社会效益有机统一.分析了控失型肥料推广应用中存在的问题,并提出保证其在农业生产中广泛推广的对策.     

南方稀土冶炼废水的特点及其处理技术研究

稀土冶炼分离过程产生大量的废水,废水中的主要污染物为氨氮、油类、COD和重金属离子等,如果不经处理直接排放,对水体会造成严重的污染.基于稀土冶炼分离工艺,阐述了稀土冶炼废水的特征,重点介绍了现有的稀土冶炼氨氮废水处理技术,包括蒸发浓缩结晶法、吹脱法、折点氯化法、化学沉淀法、离子交换法和膜分离法,分析了各种处理技术的适用性及优缺点,并对稀土冶炼分离废水处理技术进行了展望.     

A test method for determining biodegradabilityof organic substances

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