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61.
62.
扶梯乘员坠落事故已经发生多起,如何进行相关风险的辨析并提出防范对策,是电梯从业者难以回避的课题.本文试从生产者、经营管理者之角度就此课题进行“归责”与“对策”的辨析与思考,希冀关注者有所借鉴,防范已经存在或可能发生的风险. 相似文献
63.
本文以广州市区和电子垃圾拆解区室内灰尘为研究对象,分析不同粒径(50—2000μm)灰尘中溴代阻燃剂(brominated flame retardants, BFRs)的浓度、组成和生物有效性.广州市区灰尘中BFRs以十溴二苯乙烷(decabromodiphenyl ethane, DBDPE)(4930—7280 ng·g~(-1))为主,电子垃圾拆解区以十溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ether 209, BDE209)(5570—602600 ng·g~(-1))为主.对比研究结果发现,城市灰尘中BFRs的分布无粒径差异,而电子垃圾拆解区最细粒径灰尘中BFRs含量最高.广州市区灰尘中BFRs生物有效性随化合物的lg K_(ow)增加而降低.电子垃圾拆解区灰尘生物有效性显著低于市区灰尘,表明在电子垃圾拆解区灰尘中电子垃圾碎片的存在很大程度上降低了BFRs的生物有效性.人体暴露评估结果显示,广州市区人体暴露风险低于电子垃圾拆解区暴露风险. 相似文献
64.
Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for Dechlorane Plus (DP), a highly chlorinated flame retardant, were determined in three bottom fish species, i.e., crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead from an electronic waste recycling site in South China. The average BSAFs are 0.007, 0.01, and 0.06 for syn-DP, and 0.003, 0.025, and 0.001 for anti-DP in crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead, respectively, suggesting low bioaccumulation potential of DP isomers in these fish. However, the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) determined previously in the same sample set indicated that both DP isomers were highly bioaccumulative (BAFs>5000) in most of the samples. This implies that BSAF values may be inherently inconsistent affecting their reliability as a bioaccumulation indicator. The BSAFs for DP isomers are two orders of magnitude lower than those (average of 0.43-2.28) for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls (CBs 199, 203, 207 and 208), but are comparable to those (average of 0.0001-0.009) for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) determined in the same sample set. Despite of the different chemical structures of the three compound classes, significantly negative correlations between logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(OW)s) and BSAFs of these chemicals were found, indicating that hydrophobicity is one of the key factors influencing the bioaccumulation of these compounds. 相似文献
65.
An T Zhang D Li G Mai B Fu J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3529-3535
Gas samples and total suspended particle during work and off work time were investigated on-site and off-site electronic waste dismantling workshop (I- and O-EWDW), then compared with plastic recycling workshop (PRW) and waste incineration plant (WIP). TSP concentrations and total PBDE were 0.36-2.21 mg/m3 and 27-2975 ng/m3 at different workshops, respectively. BDE-47, -99, and -209 were major ∑PBDE congeners at I-EWDW and WIP, while BDE-209 was only dominant congener in PRW and control sites during work time and all sites during off work time. The gas-particle partitioning result was well correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure for all samples, except for WIP and I-EDWD, at park during work time, and residential area during off work time. The predicted urban curve fitted well with measured φ values at O-DEWD during work time, whereas it was slightly overestimated or underestimated for others. Exposure assessment revealed the highest exposure site was I-EDWD. 相似文献
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67.
人工湿地中抗生素抗性大肠杆菌和抗性基因的去除与分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
抗生素的滥用导致抗生素抗性菌和抗性基因随生活污水和养殖废水的排放在环境中肆意散播,其去除及环境行为越来越受到关注。采用K-B纸片法测定了9套不同工艺构型模拟人工湿地中大肠杆菌对7种抗生素的抗性率,并应用多重PCR检测磺胺类sul1、2、3与四环素tetA、B、C、D抗性基因,探究人工湿地对抗性菌的去除效率及抗性菌、抗性基因的分布规律。结果显示,人工湿地能有效去除污水中70%左右的抗性大肠杆菌,有效降低了细菌抗性的传播风险;共计分离出535株大肠肝菌中有378株对一种以上抗生素有抗性性,以四环素、磺胺类和氨苄西林抗性率最高,达到25%以上,其他4种抗性率较低,不足20%;2种抗性基因的检出率都在70%以上;对不同采样点大肠杆菌的抗性性及抗性基因的比较发现,各部分大肠杆菌的抗性水平、多重抗性指数(MRI)以及抗性基因(sul、tet)检出率和组合数表现出:基质≥出水>进水,推测抗性菌被湿地基质截留,在基质生物膜上发生抗性基因的重组,并释放抗性菌,提高了出水中抗性水平和抗性基因检出率。 相似文献
68.
Recent studies have indicated that Dechlorane Plus (DP) is widespread in the environments. However, different isomer-specific enrichment pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP was reported in biological samples from the field. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were consecutively exposed to commercial DP 25 by gavage for 90 d at different doses (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg?1 d?1) to investigate the accumulation pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP in liver, muscle, and serum of rats. The possible biological effects of DP on rats were also examined. Results showed that DP preferentially accumulated in the liver rather than in muscle at all exposure levels. No significant stereoselectivity of anti-DP or syn-DP in tissues was observed in the low DP exposure groups (0 and 1 mg kg?1 d?1) with fanti values (defined as the concentration of the anti-DP divided by the sum of concentrations of anti- and syn-DP) ranging from 0.74 to 0.78. However, fanti values reduced (fanti ranged from 0.26 to 0.30) significantly in the high DP exposure groups (10 and 100 mg kg?1 d?1) and syn-DP was predominant in all tissues. Biochemical parameters in serum, the mRNA expression levels of certain enzymes and their activities in liver were detected. There was no observable-effect in histopathology and death during the experiment, although the mRNA expression levels of some genes in the low dosage group decreased significantly and enzyme activity of CYP 2B2 increased. 相似文献
69.
Temporal trends of hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary and the northern South China Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peng X Wang Z Yu Y Tang C Lu H Xu S Chen F Mai B Chen S Li K Yang C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):442-448
Concentrations and fluxes of unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons (UCM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for two 210Pb dated sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS). Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes were also measured for identification of the hydrocarbon sources. The historical records of PAHs in the NSCS reflected the economic development in the Pearl River Delta during the 20th century. PAHs in the NSCS predominantly derive from combustion of coal and biomass, whereas PAHs in the PRE are a mixture of petrogenic and pyrogenic in origins. The isotopic profiles reveal that the petrogenic hydrocarbons in the PRE originate predominantly from local spillage/leakage of lube oil and crude oils. The accumulation rates of pyrogenic PAHs have significantly increased, whereas UCM accumulation has slightly declined in the NSCS in the recent three decades. 相似文献
70.
区域可持续发展评价工作的经常化问题 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
讨论了区域可持发展评价的经常化问题,提出了一张通用的指导性评价指标清单及其使用方法。经过实例模拟验算,认为基本可行,建议让区域可持续发展评价工作成为政府的定期行为 。 相似文献