改性纤维球处理炼油废水的应用研究

通过用改性纤维球处理炼油废水的试验,对纤维球过滤技术的处理效果和反冲洗特性进行了详细的研究,试验结果表明,炼油废水经处理后,出水中油的含量小于4 mg/L、悬浮物含量小于6 mg/L,出水可达标排放,并且经过改性后的纤维球在含油废水处理中可以通过反冲洗再生并重复使用.     

贵阳市区大气降水中有机酸的研究

利用ICS-90常规离子色谱结合RFC-30型淋洗液在线发生器,对贵阳市区大气降水中的小分子有机酸进行了系统研究。测得贵阳市降水中的有机酸主要以甲酸[质量分数为(0.2-4.5)×10-6]、乙酸[质量分数为(0.6-5.3)×10-6]、草酸[质量分数为(0.1-4.9)×10-6]为主,其次是乳酸和丙酮酸,及少量丙酸和甲烷磺酸;有机酸对降水自由酸平均贡献为23.2%,占总阴离子的1.4%;通过比较贵阳市区有机酸前后二十年的变化,得出现阶段可能至少有近1/2乙酸和3/4甲酸来源于人类的活动,这说明有机酸人为源是其来源的重要组成部分。     

大气颗粒物吸附的空气微生物毒性效应的研究进展

大气污染与人群健康关系的研究表明,灰霾天气中的大气颗粒物上附着有多种可吸入微生物,包括病毒、细菌和真菌.大气颗粒物中的部分有机物质能够与这些微生物相互作用,进而改变颗粒物上附着微生物的致病性和持久性.大气颗粒物及其所吸附的病原微生物来源广泛,种类繁多,并由于大气污染加重而越发显得重要.本文结合以往文献资料和新型冠状病毒...     

湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复形势与对策研究

文章重点分析了湖北长江三峡地区生态功能定位、生态保护修复重点,剖析了湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复形势,在介绍湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点的基础上,深入分析了该工程试点推进中的难点问题。提出了相应对策：坚持用系统思维推进山水林田湖草整体保护和修复;加强生态环境问题突出区域重点攻坚,着力解决生态保护修复不充分、不平衡问题;加大社会资本、绿色金融支持力度,健全多元化、差异化资金供给及管理机制;积极探索生态产品及废弃资源价值转化新途径;加强科技支撑、坚持自主创新、打造精品示范工程;提升建设项目服务水平,加强生态环境监测及风险应急能力建设。     

Potentially toxic metal contamination of urban soils and roadside dust in Shanghai, China

A detailed investigation was conducted to understand the contamination characteristics of a selected set of potentially toxic metals in Shanghai. The amount of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Ni were determined from 273 soil/dust samples collected within urban area. The results indicated that concentration of all metals except Ni in soils was significant, and metal pollution was even severer in roadside dust. A series of metal spatial distribution maps were created through geostatistical analysis, and the pollution hotspots tended to associate with city core area, major road junctions, and the regions close to industrial zones. In attempt of identifying the source of metals through geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses, it was concluded as follows: Pb, Zn and Cu mainly originated from traffic contaminants; soil Ni was associated with natural concentration; Cd largely came from point-sourced industrial pollution; and Cr, Ni in dust were mainly related to atmospheric deposition.     

Heavy metal leaching from coal fly ash amended container substrates during Syngonium production

Coal fly ash has been proposed to be an alternative to lime amendment and a nutrient source of container substrates for ornamental plant production. A great concern over this proposed beneficial use, however, is the potential contamination of surface and ground water by heavy metals. In this study, three fly ashes collected from Florida, Michigan, and North Carolina and a commercial dolomite were amended in a basal substrate. The formulated substrates were used to produce Syngonium podophyllum Schott 'Berry Allusion' in 15-cm diameter containers in a shaded greenhouse. Leachates from the containers were collected during the entire six months of plant production and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. There were no detectable As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se in the leachates; Cd and Mo were only detected in few leachate samples. The metals constantly detected were Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn. The total amounts of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn leached during the six-month production period were 95, 210, 44, and 337 microg per container, indicating that such amounts in leachates may contribute little to contamination of surface and ground water. In addition, plant growth indices and fresh and dry weights of S. podophyllum 'Berry Allusion' produced from fly ash and dolomite-amended substrates were comparable except for the plants produced from the substrate amended with fly ash collected from Michigan which had reduced growth indices and fresh and dry weights. Thus, selected fly ashes can be alternatives to commercial dolomites as amendments to container substrates for ornamental plant production. The use of fly ashes as container substrate amendments should represent a new market for the beneficial use of this coal combustion byproduct.     

硝基修饰的超高交联树脂对酚类化合物的吸附研究

对超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂进行硝基修饰,制得硝基修饰超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂JN-5(简称JN-5).JN-5树脂具有比表面积高、亲水性强等优点.对酚类化合物在水溶液中进行静态吸附研究,平衡吸附试验数据和吸附热力学计算结果都表明,JN-5对4种酚类化合物(对甲基苯酚、苯酚、对氯苯酚、对硝基苯酚)的吸附性能优于大孔吸附树脂XAD-4.这主要得益于JN-5的高比表面积和丰富的微孔结构.动态小柱吸附试验中,在流速4.77mL/h、303K的条件下,JN-5对苯酚的穿透吸附量为2.43mmol/g,总吸附量为3.26mmol/g,吸附后的树脂能用8%(质量分数)的NaOH溶液完全洗脱.     

类柱试验中焚烧飞灰浸出特性研究

通过类柱试验研究焚烧飞灰的浸出规律.结果表明,随着流入系统中酸溶液体积的增加,系统pH先升高而后下降;在整个系统中,Ca的浸出质量浓度很高;Cr的浸出质量浓度要高于Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb和Ni,随着反应时间的推进,它们的浸出质量浓度都随着流入系统中酸溶液体积的增加而逐渐降低;在同一时间浸出质量浓度曲线上,从系统的上游到下游,浸出质量浓度呈增加趋势,如Cu的浸出质量浓度在系统上游(单元1)为60.2 μg/L,而在系统下游(单元10)为158.0 μg/L.     

脱水污泥制备含炭吸附剂及其应用研究

采用热解炭化法、物理活化法、化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验研究各种影响污泥含炭吸附剂吸附性能的因素.实验结果表明,采用化学活化法制得的污泥含炭吸附剂吸附性能最好,在以ZnCl2为活化剂、锯末添加剂投加量为脱水污泥质量的1%、ZnCl2为3 mol/L、活化温度为450 ℃、活化时间为1.5 h、固液质量比(干污泥与活化剂溶液的质量比)为1:4的最佳制备条件下,制得的污泥含炭吸附剂碘吸附值在520 mg/g以上,产物收率>60%,比表面积>230 m2/g,总孔容积为0.35 mL/g,其中微孔容积为0.08 mL/g,中孔容积为0.23 mL/g.利用其处理城市污水,其对COD、色度、TP的去除率好于选定的商品颗粒活性炭.     

上流式多级厌氧反应器中厌氧颗粒污泥特性研究

高品质厌氧颗粒污泥是厌氧反应器实现高效、稳定运行的关键和基础.在实现上流式多级厌氧反应器(UMAR)处理木薯变性淀粉废水高效运行的基础上,对厌氧颗粒污泥的浓度分布、粒径分布、沉降速度、产甲垸活性,辅酶F420和生物相等作进一步的研究.根据在实验工艺条件下培养得到的厌氧颗粒污泥的性能,探讨厌氧颗粒污泥的可能形成机制.