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381.
Milena Vlahović Vesna Perić Mataruga Marija Mrdaković Dragana Matić Jelica Lazarević Vera Nenadović Larisa Ilijin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3447-3455
Heavy metals damage the structure, chemistry, and function of cells, including enzyme systems inside them. Variation in the profile of biochemical biomarkers in prevalent species should be used for assessing environmental contamination. The present study pays attention to the phosphatases present in the midgut of gypsy moth fourth instar caterpillars, which had been exposed to short- and long-term cadmium intake at 10 and 30 μg Cd/g dry food. Chronic cadmium ingestion significantly inhibited the activity of all examined phosphatases, while only the activity of lysosomal phosphatase was acutely decreased. Total acid phosphatase activity recovered from both long-term cadmium treatments within 3 days. The low index of phenotypic plasticity was connected to high variability of plasticity. Dependence of phosphatase isoforms on genotype and duration of cadmium treatment was determined. We concluded that, with further investigations, profiling of total acid phosphatase activity, as well as the lysosomal fraction can be used as a biomarker for acute sublethal metal toxicity. 相似文献
382.
Active moss biomonitoring of small-scale spatial distribution of airborne major and trace elements in the Belgrade urban area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gordana Vuković Mira Aničić Urošević Ivana Razumenić Zoya Goryainova Marina Frontasyeva Milica Tomašević Aleksandar Popović 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5461-5470
In urban environments, human exposure to air pollutants is expected to be significantly increased, especially near busy traffic streets, street canyons, tunnels, etc. where urban topography and microclimate may additionally cause poor air conditions giving rise to pollution hotspots. As a practical and cost-effective approach, active moss biomonitoring survey of some major and trace element air pollution was performed in the Belgrade street canyons and city tunnel in 2011 with the aim to evaluate possibility of using Sphagnum girgensohnii moss bags for investigation of the small-scale vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of the elements. In five street canyons, the moss bags were hung at heights of about 4, 8 and 16 m, during 10 weeks, and also, for the same time, the moss bags were exposed in the tunnel, in front of and out of it. After the exposure period, the concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn in the moss were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. According to the results, in all street canyons, the vertical distribution patterns of the moss elements concentration (Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) showed statistically significant decrease from the first to the third heights of bags exposure. In the tunnel experiment, from inner to out of the tunnel, for Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K and Zn, decreasing trend of concentrations was obtained. Significantly higher concentration of the elements was pronounced for the tunnel in comparison with the street canyons. The results indicate that the use of S. girgensohnii moss bags is a simple, sensitive and inexpensive way to monitor the small-scale inner city spatial distribution of airborne major and trace element content. 相似文献
383.
There is little information on trimethylnaphthalenes (TMNs) which are constituents of diesel fuel and bitumen emissions. In this study, a theoretical investigation of the electronic properties of all trimethylnaphthalene (TMN) isomers and their relation to biodegradation are presented. Equilibrium geometries, ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), dipole moments and electronic dipole polarizabilities of TMN isomers calculated by ab initio and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods are reported. Polarizability and dipole moment computations have been performed in gas and in water solution using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results obtained show that the IP value varies little along the series of isomers while averaged static dipole polarizabilities (〈α〉) increase on passing from α,α,α-TMN to β,β,β-TMN isomers. This indicates that the binding affinity between TMNs and active site of bacterial enzymes is mainly determined by dispersive and inductive effects. Therefore, the computed polarizability values of TMNs can be used as predictors of the rates of biodegradation of TMNs. 相似文献
384.
Pavlović J Stopić S Friedrich B Kamberović Z 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):518-522
Goal, Scope and Background This paper is a part of the research work on ‘Integrated treatment of industrial wastes towards prevention of regional water
resources contamination — INTREAT’ the project. It addresses the environmental pollution problems associated with solid and
liquid waste/effluents produced by sulfide ore mining and metallurgical activities in the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex
Bor (RTB-BOR), Serbia. However, since the minimum solubility for the different metals usually found in the polluted water
occurs at different pH values and the hydroxide precipitates are amphoteric in nature, selective removal of mixed metals could
be achieved as the multiple stage precipitation. For this reason, acid mine water had to be treated in multiple stages in
a continuous precipitation system-cascade line reactor.
Materials and Methods All experiments were performed using synthetic metal-bearing effluent with chemical a composition similar to the effluent
from open pit, Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor (RTB-BOR). That effluent is characterized by low pH (1.78) due to the
content of sulfuric acid and heavy metals, such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn with concentrations of 76.680, 26.130, 0.113, 11.490,
1.020 mg/dm3, respectively. The cascade line reactor is equipped with the following components: for feeding of effluents, for injection
of the precipitation agent, for pH measurements and control, and for removal of the process gases. The precipitation agent
was 1M NaOH. In each of the three reactors, a changing of pH and temperature was observed. In order to verify efficiency of
heavy metals removal, chemical analyses of samples taken at different pH was done using AES-ICP.
Results Consumption of NaOH in reactors was 370 cm3, 40 cm3 and 80 cm3, respectively. Total time of the experiment was 4 h including feeding of the first reactor. The time necessary to achieve
the defined pH value was 25 min for the first reactor and 13 min for both second and third reactors. Taking into account the
complete process in the cascade line reactor, the difference between maximum and minimum temperature was as low as 6°C. The
quantity of solid residue in reactors respectively was 0.62 g, 2.05 g and 3.91 g. In the case of copper, minimum achieved
concentration was 0.62 mg/dm3 at pH = 10.4. At pH = 4.50 content of iron has rapidly decreased to < 0.1 mg/dm3 and maintained constant at all higher pH values. That means that precipitation has already ended at pH=4.5 and maximum efficiency
of iron removal was 99.53%. The concentration of manganese was minimum at pH value of 11.0. Minimum obtained concentration
of Zn was 2.18 mg/dm3 at a pH value of 11. If pH value is higher than 11, Zn can be re-dissolved. The maximum efficiency of Ni removal reached
76.30% at a pH value of 10.4.
Discussion Obtained results show that efficiency of copper, iron and manganese removal is very satisfactory (higher than 90%). The obtained
efficiency of Zn and Ni removal is lower (72.30% and 76.31%, respectively). The treated effluent met discharge water standard
according to The Council Directive 76/464/EEC on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances into the aquatic environment
of the Community. Maximum changing of temperature during the whole process was 6°C.
Conclusion This technology, which was based on inducing chemical precipitation of heavy metals is viable for selective removal of heavy
metals from metal-bearing effluents in three reactor systems in a cascade line.
Recommendations and Perspectives The worldwide increasing concern for the environment and guidelines regarding effluent discharge make their treatment necessary
for safe discharge in water receivers. In the case where the effluents contain valuable metals, there is also an additional
economic interest to recover these metals and to recycle them as secondary raw materials in different production routes.
ESS-Submission Editor: PhD Hailong Wang, hailong.wang@ensisjv.com 相似文献
385.
Sakan S Grzetić I Dordević D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(4):229-236
Introduction In this work, sediments of the River Tisa (Tisza) are studied to assess their environmental pollution levels for some major
heavy metals, as well as to predict the investigated elements’ mobility on the basis of their association type with the substrate.
The Tisa River catchments area is a subbasin of the River Danube. Part of this river, 166 km long, belongs to the Serbian
province of Vojvodina, before it flows into the Danube. It has been chosen for our investigation, because it has been exposed
to intense pollution in the last decades.
Materials and Methods The river sediment samples were collected at 32 locations. The proportions of sand, silt and clay fractions were determined.
The sequential extraction procedure following a modified Tessier method was applied for speciation of the metal forms in the
collected samples. The metal concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mn in extracts were determined by atomic absorption
spectroscopy.
Results and Discussion Granulometric analysis showed that some 50% of the Tisa River sediments were silt and clay, while the rest was sand with quartz,
as the main constituent. The average metal content of the surface river sediment samples for every fraction of sequential
extraction was presented and discussed in relation to pH, Eh and metal fractionation. The average metal content from the Tisa
River sediments, obtained as an average of the metal’s concentration released in all five sequential extraction fractions
was compared with: average metal contents of the Tisa River sediments in Hungary, metal content in soils formed on the Tisa
River alluvium of Vojvodina, average metal content in soils of Vojvodina, and average metal content in soils of Hungary. An
assessment of metal pollution levels in Tisa River sediments was made by comparing mean values for obtained results for the
Tisa River sediments with the freshwater sediment’s Quality Guidelines as published by US EPA, Environment Canada and soil
standards for Serbia.
Conclusion According to US EPA and Canadian Quality Guidelines for freshwater sediments, the concentration of heavy metals in Tisa sediments
were: (a) much higher than defined concentrations below which harmful effects on river biota are unlikely to be observed,
(b) below defined concentrations above which harmful effects on river biota are likely to be observed. The concentration levels
of Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr in Tisa River sediments are safe when compared with Serbian MAQ (Maximum Allowed Quantity) standards
for soils, but they are unsafe in the case of Zn and Cd.
Recommendations and Outlook The quality of sediments in the Tisa River was on the border line between potentially polluted and polluted. This line could
very easily be exceeded since the quality of sediments in the Tisa River in Hungary was already worse than in Serbia. These
results indicated the need for further monitoring of heavy metals in that locality. 相似文献
386.
Crnković D Ristić M Jovanović A Antonović D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,125(1-3):75-83
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in 39 soil samples (0–10 cm upper layer) collected in Belgrade, the
capital of Serbia. The sampling sites were randomly selected from urban, urban/recreational and rural areas; the samples were
collected in April and December 2003 and July and October 2004.
The sum of the 16 PAHs corresponding to the recreational zone (298 μg/kg) was close to the urban zone (375 μg/kg). Mean soil
ΣPAH concentration from rural areas was 18 μg/kg dry weight. Comparing to values observed in the urbanized locations around
the world, the overall levels of PAHs in this study are low. The PAH ratios obtained pointed to a domination of pyrogenically
formed PAHs in the examined soils. The dominant PAHs in soil samples in urban zones were fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene, mostly emitted from noncatalyst vehicles which are still in use in Serbia. The total
carcinogenic potency for each sampling site was calculated. Regardless of the used carcinogenic activity factors, carcinogenic
potency of 7 sites were 3–9 times higher than the reference ones indicating the increased carcinogenic burden of soils from
these sites. 相似文献
387.
The study was aimed at determining the levels of metals in water samples and muscles of the fish caught in the Una River basin,
located in the northwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For that purpose, three fish species: Brown Trout (Salmo trutta m. fario), Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and Californian Trout (Salmo gairdneri), together with stem water samples, were analyzed for metal concentrations (Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Se, Co, Sn, Zn,
Fe, Ca, P) during a 2-year period. The fish was captured using electric fishing, nets or fishing equipment. The capture was
undertaken on three sites (the river source, the middle flow and the river mouth) of each of the five biggest rivers belonging
to the Una River basin (Unac, Krušnica, Sana, Klokot, and Una). The concentrations of metals in each sample were determined
via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In the tested waters, the presence of Mn in concentrations higher than permitted
(0.07 mg/l) had been detected. In the tested meat, the following average concentrations of metals (mg/kg) had been found:
Pb (0.67), Cd (0.06), Mn (0.65), Ni (0.15), Cu (0.79), Cr (1.05), Se (0.03), Zn (8.92), Fe (5.40), Ca (14.68), and P (10.85).
The correlation between Mn concentrations identified in the tested waters and those identified in the meat of Brown Trout
was revealed to be statistically significant, which confirms that, over time, bioaccumulation of metals took place. Even though
the results were not indicative of contamination, they strongly suggest that constant monitoring of the ecosystems in reference
should be implemented. 相似文献