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281.
Environmental Security: A Geographic Information System Analysis Approach—The Case of Kenya 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Studies into the relationships between environmental factors and violence or conflicts constitute a very debated research
field called environmental security. Several authors think that environmental scarcity, which is scarcity of renewable resources,
can contribute to generate violence or social unrest, particularly within states scarcely endowed with technical know-how
and social structures, such as developing countries. In this work, we referred to the theoretical model developed by the Environmental
Change and Acute Conflict Project. Our goal was to use easily available spatial databases to map the various sources of environmental
scarcity through geographic information systems, in order to locate the areas apparently most at risk of suffering negative
social effects and their consequences in terms of internal security. The analysis was carried out at a subnational level and
applied to the case of Kenya. A first phase of the work included a careful selection of databases relative to renewable resources.
Spatial operations among these data allowed us to obtain new information on the availability of renewable resources (cropland,
forests, water), on the present and foreseen demographic pressure, as well as on the social and technical ingenuity. The results
made it possible to identify areas suffering from scarcity of one or more renewable resources, indicating different levels
of gravity. Accounts from Kenya seem to confirm our results, reporting clashes between tribal groups over the access to scarce
resources in areas that our work showed to be at high risk. 相似文献
282.
Ait-Mouheb Nassim Bahri Akiça Thayer Bechir Ben Benyahia Boumediene Bourrié Guilhem Cherki Brahim Condom Nicolas Declercq Rémi Gunes Adem Héran Marc Kitir Nurgul Molle Bruno Patureau Dominique Pollice Alfieri Rapaport Alain Renault Pierre Riahi Khalifa Romagny Bruno Sari Tewfik Sinfort Carole Steyer Jean-Philippe Talozi Samer Topcuoglu Bulent Turan Metin Wéry Nathalie Yıldırım Ertan Harmand Jérôme 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):693-705
Regional Environmental Change - Climate change and a growing population around the Mediterranean Rim are increasing the need for water and, consequently, the pressure on resources in terms of both... 相似文献
283.
Lopes Jéssica Costa Silva Bruno Garcia Dias Maria Eduarda Simões Carneiro Rodrigo Braz Damianovic Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Foresti Eugenio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11755-11768
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The nutrient biological removal from sewage, especially from anaerobic reactor effluents, still represents a major challenge in conventional sewage... 相似文献
284.
285.
286.
Capraro F Bizzotto A Masiol M Pavoni B 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(9):2543-2549
An approach is presented to study the functioning of a karstic massif and assess the adverse effects of the anthropogenic pressure by monitoring some water chemical and physical parameters of its main springs. The approach has been applied to the Sette Comuni Plateau (Veneto Region, Italy) hosting a well developed karstic system, whose aquifer presents high vulnerability and undergoes a relevant anthropogenic pressure. The Oliero springs, amongst the largest karstic springs in Europe, are the main water output of the plateau. Electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved O(2), hardness, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ionic species (NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), NO(2)(-), PO(4)(3-), SO(4)(2-), Cl(-), F(-)), elements (Cr(III), Cr(VI), Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb), and some chlorinated solvents were monitored for one year. This study presents the application of a factor analysis on the water parameters enabling the identification of the dominant chemical and biological processes and pollution sources affecting the karstic system. Results show four factors which are interpreted as karstification, photosynthesis, storm flow pollution and anions. Finally, by associating metals, chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids with the amount of rainfall in the 48 h before samplings, further detailed information to the fast response of the aquifer to precipitation events was detected and interpreted according to the factor analysis results. The proposed approach, by providing information on the functioning of the aquifer, may help the management of the karstic plateau and is easily adaptable to similar environments. 相似文献
287.
Lastre-Acosta Arlen Mabel Cristofoli Bruno Segawa Parizi Marcela Prado Silva do Nascimento Claudio Augusto Oller Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23887-23895
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed at investigating the photochemical behavior of sulfa drugs containing five and six-membered heterocyclic substituents... 相似文献
288.
San Martin David Orive Mikel Martínez Ekaitz Iñarra Bruno Ramos Saioa González Nagore Guinea de Salas Alejandro Vázquez Luis Alberto Zufía Jaime 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15716-15730
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Approximately 33% of food produced around the world is wasted. In the distribution sector, erroneous orders or demand predictions result in products... 相似文献
289.
Fournier A Feidt C Travel A Bizec BL Venisseau A Marchand P Jondreville C 《Chemosphere》2012,88(3):300-306
Transfer of indicator polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from soil into hen eggs may occur in hens reared outdoor, which ingest significant amounts of soil. This transfer depends on the bioavailability of the ingested compounds. The impact of soil on the bioavailability of indicator PCBs was assessed by means by a relative bioavailability (RBA) trial, in which their deposition in egg yolk and in abdominal fat, in response to their ingestion through contaminated-soil and through spiked-oil were compared. A sandy soil (709 μg indicator PCBs kg−1 dry matter) was collected in the vicinity of a former fire involving treated wood. Twenty-eight laying hens were individually housed and fed one of the seven experimental diets during 14 d. The seven experimental diets were an uncontaminated control diet, three diets in which contaminated soil was introduced at levels of 3%, 6% and 9% and three diets in which spiked oil was introduced to achieve similar levels and profile of contaminants. Yolk, abdominal fat and liver were collected at the end of exposure. Indicator PCBs were extracted by ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) and analyzed by GC-HMRS. Within each ingested matrix, the concentration of indicator PCBs in yolk and in abdominal fat linearly increased with the amount of indicator PCB ingested (P < 0.001). Except for PCB 28, the slopes of the responses to soil and to oil could not be differentiated (P > 0.1). RBA estimates did not differ from 1 for all indicator PCBs except for PCB 28, for which it was 0.58-0.59. Measurements performed on liver confirm these conclusions. 相似文献
290.
Andrea Gori Sergio Rossi Elisa Berganzo Joan Lluis Pretus Mark R. T. Dale Josep-Maria Gili 《Marine Biology》2011,158(1):143-158
Most of the current knowledge on Mediterranean gorgonians is restricted to investigations of those populations found within shallow sublittoral waters, and only limited data are available for populations located below scuba depth. To overcome this lack of information, the occurrence and abundance of the gorgonians Eunicella singularis, Paramuricea clavata, and Leptogorgia sarmentosa were investigated in northwestern Mediterranean benthic communities over a wide geographical (60 km of coastline) and bathymetrical (0–70 m deep) extent using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The greatest occurrence and abundances of E. singularis and P. clavata were concentrated in areas that are directly exposed to strong near-bottom currents. E. singularis was the most common and abundant species and displayed great plasticity and amplitude in its environmental preferences. Conversely, P. clavata showed a very patchy distribution that was associated with vertical rocky walls. Only isolated colonies of L. sarmentosa were observed in the study area. Hot spots of abundance of E. singularis and P. clavata were identified below a depth of 40 m, which demonstrates the importance of studying the distribution of benthic species over a wide geographical and bathymetrical extent. 相似文献