Influencing factors and prediction of ambient Peroxyacetyl nitrate concentration in Beijing, China

Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) are important secondary pollutants in ground-level atmosphere. Accurate prediction of atmospheric pollutant concentrations is crucial to guide effective precautions for before and during specific pollution events. In this study, four models based on the back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were used to predict the hourly average PAN concentrations at Peking University, Beijing, in 2014. The model inputs were atmospheric pollutant data and meteorological parameters. Model 3 using a BP-ANN based on the original variables achieved the best prediction results among the four models, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.7089, mean bias error of ? 0.0043 ppb, mean absolute error of 0.4836?ppb, root mean squared error of 0.5320?ppb, and Willmott's index of agreement of 0.8214. Based on a comparison of the performance indices of the MLR and BP-ANN models, we concluded that the BP-ANN model was able to capture the highly non-linear relationships between PAN concentration and the conventional atmospheric pollutant and meteorological parameters, providing more accurate results than the traditional MLR models did, with a markedly higher goodness of R. The selected meteorological and atmospheric pollutant parameters described a sufficient amount of PAN variation, and thus provided satisfactory prediction results. More specifically, the BP-ANN model performed very well for capturing the variation pattern when PAN concentrations were low. The findings of this study address some of the existing knowledge gaps in this research field and provide a theoretical basis for future regional air pollution control.     

地勘行业呼吸性粉尘控制效果评的研究

针对地质勘察行业粉尘作业的多样性，以呼吸性粉尘检测结果作为指标，提出了对现有不同防尘技术措施的呼吸性粉尘控制效果评价的几种方法，并进行了初步评价。     

额济纳天然胡杨林水分利用效率动态变化研究

黑河下游的额济纳绿洲是我国西北地区重要的生态屏障,也是当地人民赖以生存的自然资源,然而由于种种原因,这片绿洲正在衰败并且有消亡的危险.胡杨是典型的潜水旱中生植物,它虽然有较强的耐大气干旱、耐盐碱能力,其生长发育与水分条件的优劣有着十分密切的关系.本文通过研究额济纳天然胡杨的叶水势、蒸腾速率、光合速率的变化规律,综合分析其水分利用效率与叶水势的相关关系,了解胡杨树体内水分运移关系,为揭示胡杨生存现状和合理利用水资源提供理论依据,为合理保护额济纳绿洲胡杨林提供科学支持.     

矿区含氡深井水作饮用水氡污染治理的试验研究

矿区含氡深井水通过实验室小规模除氡试验。结果表明：敞口贮存，曝气和活性炭吸附是除氡的三种有效方法。本文对试验各种过程和结果进行分析讨论。     

城市边缘区土地利用变化及人文驱动力机制研究

利用多期遥感影像 ,对土地利用进行了测量。再运用GIS软件进行空间叠加求得研究区土地利用变化的转移矩阵 ,分析马山区11年来土地利用变化的空间过程。结果表明 :1988～1998年之间农业景观为主的农田、林地显著减少 ,城镇沿公路迅速向外扩张 ,旅游度假区沿湖岸不断扩大且呈集中化趋势。这一变化趋势的驱动力是旅游为主的第三产业迅速发展、外资大量涌入、城镇人口增长和农副产品的价格波动。     

常用农药助剂类产品对水生生物效应研究进展

农药助剂是在农药制剂加工和使用中加入的除农药有效成分以外的其他辅助物质的总称。农药助剂在提高农药制剂药效、改善药剂性能、稳定制剂质量和降低活性成分危害等方面都起着相当重要的作用。几乎所有化学合成的农药原药都需添加农药助剂成为具有实际使用价值的农药制剂。农药助剂本身虽不具备对靶标生物的杀灭作用,但并不意味着其对环境或人体不具有危害性,部分现今仍在流通使用的农药助剂可导致健康危害,如致癌、致畸、致突变、危害神经系统,具有内分泌干扰作用等。截止目前,由于农药施用带来的农药助剂的危害问题很少引起研究人员关注,我国在农药助剂管理方面还是空白,亟需引起管理部门的重视并制订相关的防控法规。农药助剂种类繁多,我国习惯上将其分为非表面活性剂和表面活性剂两大类。本文总结了包括常用溶剂,非离子型、阳离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂在内的常用助剂对藻类、大型溞和鱼类等水生生物的急慢性毒性效应,并综述了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类助剂及其降解产物对水生生物的内分泌干扰效应。鉴于农药助剂对生态环境和人类的健康风险,本文还提出了我国农药助剂环境安全管理策略建议。     

Identification and ranking of the risky organic contaminants in the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir

The Danjiangkou reservoir was selected to provide the source water for the middle routes of the South to North Water Transfer Project, which has provoked many environmental concerns. To date, investigations of water contamination of the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir with organic micro-pollutants have been limited. This study was conducted to identify and rank organic contaminants that pose risks in the Danjiangkou reservoir. To this end, the Chemical Hazard Evaluation and Manage- ment Strategies （CHEMS-1） approach was adapted to integrate the deconvolution technology of qualitative identifying contaminants for site-specific environmental matrices. The samples were screened for the presence of 1093 contaminants using deconvolution technologies and the hazard values of the identified contaminants were calculated using the adapted CHEMS-1 approach accord- ing to their hazardous properties and occurrence in source water. The results showed that 46 contaminants from 1093 targets were present in Danjiangkou water, 23 of which appeared at frequencies higher than 50%, and 15 of which were identified as priorities. Over half （53%） of the high- ranked contaminants were polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons （PAHs）, with chrysene ranked highest on the list. Health risk assessment of the top-ranked PAHs was conducted and revealed that cancer risks of PAHs detected in the source water of Danjiangkou to different populations ranged from 10-7 to 104, indicating a low cancer risk to consumers. The results of this study indicated that the adapted CHEMS-1 approach was feasible for site-specific screening of organic contaminants to identify and rank potential priority pollutants.     

信息共享平台在环境管理中的支撑作用

建立环境信息共享平台,使环境管理数据实现共享,实现各类数据及时的关联,是环境管理工作发展的必然趋势,将为环境管理提供强有力的技术支撑。信息共享平台利用了大型数据库在性能、安全性、可靠性、数据一致性、分布式处理等方面的优势,将各主要环境业务部门的统计、收费、审批、监测等数据集中管理起来,数据管理人员、各级领导、业务部门员工通过统一的Web界面进行管理、查询分析大量的环境数据,从而简化环境数据管理的难度,提高环境数据管理的水平,大大方便用户对环保数据的访问,提高了数据利用效率。     

青海油田采油一厂采出水处理技术改进

尕斯库勒联合站采出水治理是青海油田采油一厂环境保护的一项重要工作。为了对油田采出水进行综合治理,尕斯库勒联合站先后对原有的采出水处理系统进行了四次技术改造,通过多年的实践与探索,找到了满足青海油田采出水处理需求较为成熟的采出水处理技术。     

2×300MW燃煤发电机组电除尘改造方案设计

通过比较2×300 MW燃煤发电机组3种电除尘改造思路的可行性,综合考虑空间布置、运行的安全可靠性,确定采用袋式除尘技术加以改造。电除尘器改造为袋式除尘器的方案,包括主要设计参数选择、系统设计、改造工程费用与预期的环境效益。改造后,袋式除尘器运行安全、可靠,完全满足国家烟尘排放标准。