区域集镇基准地价体系建立研究

以江苏六合县为例,对区域集镇基准地价体系建立方法进行了探讨。研究结果表明,先对集镇土地进行分等,然后以分等结果为控制对级差收益和市场交易地价进行对比和综合,是建立区域集镇基准地价体系的有效途径     

南淝河沉积物污染特征及评价研究

对南淝河当涂路桥上游至董铺水库河段的沉积物进行系统地分析,测定了有机质、总磷（ TP）、总氮（ TN）及重金属Pb、Cr、Zn的含量。研究了沉积物中各个测定指标的垂直分布规律,各采样点的污染指标含量均呈现随着取样深度的增加而减少。用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害系数法对沉积物中重金属污染作出了评价,结果表明,南淝河沉积物中重金属含量属于轻度生态危害。对沉积物中的有机质和有机氮运用有机指数和有机氮评价法进行评价,发现南淝河沉积物中的有机质和有机氮均处于超标状态。     

次临界操作下的膜污染机理研究

临界通量在膜污染控制的水动力学条件优化中是一个非常有意义的概念。本研究用一种新型的中空纤维膜组件过滤活性污泥混合液 ,采用通量阶式递增法对临界通量进行测定 ,实验表明 ,气水二相流是一个提高临界通量非常有效的方法 ,而且临界通量随着曝气强度的增大而增大 ,根据测定结果 ,可以得出膜生物反应器 (MBR)的 3个水动力学操作区 :超临界区、临界区和次临界区。次临界操作可以防止颗粒物质在膜面上沉积引起的可逆污染 ,在次临界操作下 ,膜污染分为两个阶段 ,第一阶段为不可逆污染发展阶段 ,跨膜压力 (TMP)发展缓慢 ;第一阶段膜的不可逆污染导致膜丝点通量不断的重分配 ,一旦出现膜丝上某一点的通量大于临界通量时 ,颗粒物质就以此点为突破口 ,不断沉积到膜丝表面 ,发生可逆污染 ,膜污染进入第二阶段 ,TMP急剧增加。     

Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014–2015: Pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors

Atmospheric pollutants including SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃ and inhalable particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) were monitored continuously from March 2014 to February 2015 to investigate characteristics of air pollution at Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau. Species exhibited similar seasonal variations except O₃, with the peaks in winter but low valleys in summer. The maximum O₃ concentration was observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The positive correlation between O₃ and PM₁₀ in spring indicated similar sources of them, and was assumed to be turbulent transport. Temperature was the dominant meteorological factor for most species in spring. High temperature accelerates O₃ photochemistry, and favors air disturbance which is conductive to dust resuspension in spring. Relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure were the main meteorological factors in summer. RH showed negative correlations with species, while atmospheric pressure posed opposite situation. Wind speed (WS) was the dominant meteorological factor in autumn, the negative correlations between WS and species indicated diffusion by wind. Most species showed non-significant correlations with meteorological factors in winter, indicating the dependence of pollution on source emission rather than restriction by meteorology. Pollution weather character indicated that emissions were from biomass burning and dust suspension, and meteorological factors also played an important role. Air stream injection from the stratosphere was observed during O₃ pollution period. Air parcels from Southwest Asia were observed during air pollution period in winter. An enhancement in air pollutants such as O₃ would be expected in the future, more attention should be given to countermeasures for prevention of air pollution in the future.     

哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地环境状况评估与保护对策研究

磨盘山水库作为哈尔滨市城区主水源,确保其水源地环境安全是我市重要的民生保障。以《集中式饮用水水源地环境保护状况评估技术规范》(HJ 774-2015)为依据,对哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地2016年环境状况进行了评估。结果表明,磨盘山水源2016年度综合评估得分为98.13分,属于优秀水源。取水保证状况评估得分10分,评估结果属于优秀;水源达标状况得分60分,评估结果属于优秀;管理状况评估得分28.125分,评估结果属于优秀。针对评估结论提出了相应的保护对策,为哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地保护和环境管理工作提供了科学依据。     

影响环境质量的关键因子的识别方法

影响环境质量的因素很多 ,它们所起作用各异 ,为尽可能客观地找出其中的关键因子 ,有针对性地进行环境治理或准确地评价环境治理效果 ,设计了一套直接寻找关键因子的方法 ,称作增量趋势法。该法是利用环境监测数据Ci 与标准值Cis,计算出各因子的相对超标量 yi1=[Ci(t) -Cis]/Cis 及相对变化量yi2 =[Ci(t) -Ci(t- 1) ]/Ci(t- 1) ;根据相对超标量yi1和相对变化量 yi2的符号 (>0或≤ 0 )的不同组合方式 ,将各因子分成 4种状态 ,再在各状态中 ,依 yi1和 yi2 的数值大小进行子排序 ;最后 ,由各因子所处的状态与位次进行总排序 ,找出关键因子。为说明该方法如何运用 ,以南京市内秦淮河水质为例 ,分析了各水污染因子所处的状态 ,并进行了排序 ,同时还与传统方法做了简单的对比。结果表明增量趋势法具有如下特点 :(1)物理意义明确 ,分析方法简明 ,适宜于用计算机和环境信息数据库进行自动分析 ;(2 )由于增量趋势法是利用原始监测数据 ,通过简单运算来寻找关键因子的 ,因此 ,能客观地判别各污染因子所起的作用 ,揭示污染治理的效果 ,找出污染加剧的原因 ,增加评价的准确性 ,减少治理时的盲目性 ;(3)趋势增量法同时还考虑了污染因子的动态演变过程 ,可分析随时间推移各因子趋于好转或恶化的变化趋势 ,与许多静态方     

Comparison of fatty acid profile in the chicken meat after feeding with narasin,nicarbazin and salinomycin sodium and phyto-additive substances

The purpose of this study was an experimental investigation and a statistical evaluation of the influence of various additives in feed mixtures of broiler chickens on fatty acids content and their ratio in breast and thigh muscles. First feed additive consisted of narasin, nicarbasin and salinomycin sodium, and other five additives were of phytogenic origin. In vivo experiment was realized on the poultry experimental station with deep litter breeding system. A total of 300 one-day-old hybrid chickens Cobb 500 divided into six groups were used for the experiment. The experimental period was divided into four phases, i.e. Starter, Grower 1, Grower 2 and Final, according to the application of commercial feed mixture of soy cereal type. Additive substances used in feed mixtures were different for each group. Basic feed mixtures were equal for all groups. Fatty acid profile of breast and thigh muscles was measured by the method of FT IR Nicolet 6700. Investigated additive substances in the feed mixtures did not have statistically significant effect on fatty acid content and omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in breast and thigh muscles. Strong statistically significant relation between omega-6 PUFAs and total PUFAs were proved by experiment. A relation between omega-3 PUFAs and total PUFAs was found only in the group with Biocitro additive.     

耐盐反硝化污泥与复合菌剂对高硫酸盐含氮废水的处理性能

以耐盐反硝化污泥(DAS)和反硝化复合菌剂(DBA)为菌源,启动序批式生物膜系统(SBBRs)处理高硫酸盐含氮废水。结果表明,以相对低盐度(1%：12.5 g·L⁻¹ SO₄²⁻和5 g·L⁻¹ NaCl)启动系统,在不同菌源和载体条件下SBBRs启动时间均较短(6~11 d),其中以DAS为菌源、载体污泥浸制预处理均能缩短启动周期。提升SO₄^2-质量浓度至25 g·L⁻¹ (盐度2%)和37.5 g·L⁻¹ (盐度3%)后,各装置的硝氮去除率均可维持90%以上,其中3%盐度下悬浮填料系统反硝化完全(>98%),显著高于生物绳系统(91.1±11.7)%。理论TOC/TN比为1.4~7,系统总氮去除率均稳定保持90%以上。优选TOC/TN值为2的实验室内处理石化厂高硫酸盐(2.7%)高氮(TN≈200 mg·L⁻¹)废水,系统适应驯化后可获得稳定高效的总氮去除率,且悬浮填料去除率(>99%)与稳定性均优于生物绳(>90%)。系统硝酸盐还原途径以反硝化为主,且无显著硝酸盐异化还原为氨和硫酸盐还原作用。     

Carbon dioxide mineralization process design and evaluation: concepts,case studies,and considerations

Numerous carbon dioxide mineralization (CM) processes have been proposed to overcome the slow rate of natural weathering of silicate minerals. Ten of these proposals are mentioned in this article. The proposals are described in terms of the four major areas relating to CM process design: pre-treatment, purification, carbonation, and reagent recycling operations. Any known specifics based on probable or representative operating and reaction conditions are listed, and basic analysis of the strengths and shortcomings associated with the individual process designs are given in this article. The processes typically employ physical or chemical pseudo-catalytic methods to enhance the rate of carbon dioxide mineralization; however, both methods have its own associated advantages and problems. To examine the feasibility of a CM process, three key aspects should be included in the evaluation criteria: energy use, operational considerations as well as product value and economics. Recommendations regarding the optimal level of emphasis and implementation of measures to control these aspects are given, and these will depend very much on the desired process objectives. Ultimately, a mix-and-match approach to process design might be required to provide viable and economic proposals for CM processes.     

Association of serum concentration of organochlorine pesticides with dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among urban Chinese women

Concerns about the carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have led to a global ban on OCP use. However, OCPs persist in the environment for decades because of their long half-life. We evaluated serum levels of OCPs and their correlations with usual dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among 250 healthy women who participated as controls in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Serum levels of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), dichloro-di-phenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-nonachlor (TNC), and eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (IUPAC no. 74, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured. Lifestyle factors and usual dietary habits over the past 5 years were assessed through an in-person interview. With the exception of PCB, total OCP levels in our study population were significantly higher than those observed in other countries. Age, income, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, number of pregnancies, and/or total duration of breastfeeding were all significantly correlated with all types of OCPs. Of the 20 food groups evaluated, correlations with serum total OCPs were observed for eggs (r=0.13), fresh beans (r=-0.17), tea (r=0.14), and animal fat (r=0.18). Multiple regression analyses showed that age and animal fat intake were positively associated with serum total level OCPs, while leafy vegetable and fresh bean consumption was negatively associated with OCPs level. Our study suggests that dietary intake may be an important contributor of serum levels of OCPs in Chinese women.