三维场量的等值线生成算法

提出了一种八节点六面体单元的三维场量等值线生成方法。经实例验证 ,该三维场量等值线生成方法是合理、有效的     

三维有限元模拟中的网格重划

详细论述了网格重划技术的判断准则、新旧网格之间场量传递等 ,提出了两种进行包含测试的新方法交点判断法和矢量判断法 ,并成功地应用于新旧网格之间三维场量的传递。实例应用验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

矿井水中微量油测试的几个问题探讨

矿井水中的油由于含量较低且水质特殊，一般较难测准。本文提出了在测试矿井水中微量油时存在的一些问题，如分析方法的选择、标准油、空白水样及水中悬浮物对测试结果的影响等，并提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

毒死蜱、二嗪磷等6种农药对鸟类的环境风险评估

应用现有的评估方法,对毒死蜱、二嗪磷、乐果、吡虫啉、抗蚜威和灭多威6种农药对鸟类的风险进行评估,评估结果表明,经食途径,乐果、毒死蜱和二嗪磷对鸟类的初级急性、短期和长期风险均不可接受;吡虫啉对鸟类的初级急性和长期风险不可接受;抗蚜威和灭多威对鸟类的初级急性风险不可接受,对鸟类的初级短期和长期风险可接受。通过饮水途径,只有毒死蜱对鸟类的急性风险无需关注,其他农药品种对鸟类的急、慢性风险均需关注。吡虫啉、毒死蜱、二嗪磷和灭多威4种农药通过喷雾液滴吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险需要引起关注,乐果和抗蚜威通过喷雾液滴吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险无需关注;6种农药通过挥发相吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险均无需关注。评估结果可为6种农药的安全使用和的环境安全管理提供科学参考,同时对我国现有评估指南的完善提出了建议。     

耐盐反硝化污泥与复合菌剂对高硫酸盐含氮废水的处理性能

以耐盐反硝化污泥(DAS)和反硝化复合菌剂(DBA)为菌源,启动序批式生物膜系统(SBBRs)处理高硫酸盐含氮废水。结果表明,以相对低盐度(1%：12.5 g·L⁻¹ SO₄²⁻和5 g·L⁻¹ NaCl)启动系统,在不同菌源和载体条件下SBBRs启动时间均较短(6~11 d),其中以DAS为菌源、载体污泥浸制预处理均能缩短启动周期。提升SO₄^2-质量浓度至25 g·L⁻¹ (盐度2%)和37.5 g·L⁻¹ (盐度3%)后,各装置的硝氮去除率均可维持90%以上,其中3%盐度下悬浮填料系统反硝化完全(>98%),显著高于生物绳系统(91.1±11.7)%。理论TOC/TN比为1.4~7,系统总氮去除率均稳定保持90%以上。优选TOC/TN值为2的实验室内处理石化厂高硫酸盐(2.7%)高氮(TN≈200 mg·L⁻¹)废水,系统适应驯化后可获得稳定高效的总氮去除率,且悬浮填料去除率(>99%)与稳定性均优于生物绳(>90%)。系统硝酸盐还原途径以反硝化为主,且无显著硝酸盐异化还原为氨和硫酸盐还原作用。     

Performance Evaluation of the SLEUTH Model in the Shenyang Metropolitan Area of Northeastern China

Performance evaluation is crucial for the development and improvement of an urban cellular automata model, such as SLEUTH. In this paper, we employed multiple methods for map comparison and model validation to evaluate the simulation performance of the SLEUTH urban growth model in the Shenyang metropolitan area of China. These multiple methods included the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistic, multiple-resolutions error budget, and landscape metrics. They were used to quantitatively examine model performance in terms of the amount and spatial location of urban development, urban spatial pattern and prediction ability. The assessment results showed that SLEUTH performed well in the way of the quantitative simulation of urban growth for this case study. Similar to other urban growth models, however, the simulation accuracy for spatial location of new development at the pixel scale and urban spatial pattern still needs to be improved greatly. These inaccuracies might be attributed to the structure and nature of SLEUTH, local urban development characteristics, and the temporal and spatial scale of its application. Finally, many valuable suggestions had been put forward to improve simulation performance of SLEUTH model for spatial location of urban development in the Shenyang metropolitan area.     

Planted floating bed performance in treatment of eutrophic river water

The objective of the study was to treat eutrophic river water using floating beds and to identify ideal plant species for design of floating beds. Four parallel pilot-scale units were established and vegetated with Canna indica (U1), Accords calamus (U2), Cyperus alternifolius (U3), and Vetiveria zizanioides (U4), respectively, to treat eutrophic river water. The floating bed was made of polyethylene foam, and plants were vegetated on it. Results suggest that the floating bed is a viable alternative for treating eutrophic river water, especially for inhibiting algae growth. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) varied from 6.53 to 18.45 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) from 6.82 to 12.25 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) from 0.65 to 1.64 mg/L, and Chla from 6.22 to 66.46 g/m³, the removal of COD, TN, TP, and Chla was 15.3 %–38.4 %, 25.4 %–48.4 %, 16.1 %–42.1 %, and 29.9 %–88.1 %, respectively. Ranked by removal performance, U1 was best, followed by U2, U3, and U4. In the floating bed, more than 60 % TN and TP were removed by sedimentation; plant uptake was quantitatively of low importance with an average removal of 20.2 % of TN and 29.4 % of TP removed. The loss of TN (TP) was of the least importance. Compared with the other three, U1 exhibited better dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient distributions, higher DO levels, higher hydraulic efficiency, and a higher percentage of nutrient removal attributable to plant uptake; in addition, plant development and the volume of nutrient storage in the C. indica tissues outperformed the other three species. C. indica thus could be selected when designing floating beds for the Three Gorges Reservoir region of P. R. China.     

环境工程中的污水处理技术探究

随着我国在社会发展过程中对环境保护重视程度逐渐提升,污染处理技术借助科技大发展,不断得到革新改善。污水处理作为环境工程中一项重要内容,虽然所受重视度很高,但实际解决中还是存在很多困难。本文就环境工程中污水处理重要意义分析,详细介绍了当下几种处理技术,并提出促进建议,希望可以在污水处理工作中有所帮助。     

镍对活性污泥生物除磷的影响及其机理

以实际生活污水为研究对象,在序批式活性污泥反应器中探究了Ni2+对活性污泥形态及生物除磷性能的影响。实验结果表明,Ni2+能够抑制生物除磷,当Ni2+质量浓度由0 mg/L增加至10.0 mg/L时,PO43--P去除率由93%下降至12%。机理研究结果表明：Ni2+能抑制聚磷微生物的厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷,并能抑制内聚物聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）的合成;当Ni2+质量浓度为10.0 mg/L时,PHA的最大含量仅为2.4 mmol/g （以单位质量挥发性悬浮物所含PHA中C的物质的量计）,远低于空白组中PHA的含量。此外,Ni2+还对微生物群落的组成产生影响,并促进活性污泥中聚糖微生物的增殖。     

南京地区农业耗水量估算与分析

结合南京地区的农业生产状况 ,采用Penman -Montieth法计算参考作物的潜在蒸散 ,建立了本地区农业耗水的物理模型 ,计算了南京地区历年的农业用水量 ,并根据实际资料对模型进行了检验 ,结果表明该模型具有较高的精度 ,能够反映农业用水的实际情况。在分析该地区历年农业用水量变化及其用水现状的基础上 ,对影响农业用水量的因素和该地区的农业用水效率进行了分析和计算。南京地区农业用水量的大小很大程度上取决于耕地面积和各类作物播种面积的变化 ,同时也受当年气候状况的影响。南京地区多年的农业用水效率计算结果表明 ,该地区的灌溉水利用率较低。最后对该地区的水资源可持续利用提出了相应的建议