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41.
Bernice Bovenkerk Franck L. B. Meijboom 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2012,25(6):843-860
As the world population is growing and government directives tell us to consume more fatty acids, the demand for fish is increasing. Due to declines in wild fish populations, we have come to rely more and more on aquaculture. Despite rapid expansion of aquaculture, this sector is still in a relatively early developmental stage. This means that this sector can still be steered in a favorable direction, which requires discussion about sustainability. If we want to avoid similar problems to the ones we have experienced with livestock farming, we need to generate knowledge of the biology, profitability, environmental aspects, consumer awareness, and product appreciation of particular fish species. However, the discussion about a sustainable aquaculture also raises the question how we should treat fish. This moral question is regularly addressed as a problem of applied ethics with a focus on tailoring ethical principles to practical questions. In this article we do not deny the importance of the practical accounts, but we start from the fundamental question whether and why fish matter in our moral deliberations, i.e., from the discussion on moral status. We elaborate the distinction between moral considerability and moral significance in order to show both the importance and the limitations of the discussion about moral status for practical problems in aquaculture. We illustrate these points with a case-study about the farming of a specific fish species, the African catfish. 相似文献
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Ivan Jarić Céline Bellard Ricardo A. Correia Franck Courchamp Karel Douda Franz Essl Jonathan M. Jeschke Gregor Kalinkat Lukáš Kalous Robert J. Lennox Ana Novoa Raphaël Proulx Petr Pyšek Andrea Soriano–Redondo Allan T. Souza Reut Vardi Diogo Veríssimo Uri Roll 《Conservation biology》2021,35(2):447-451
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Rivaldo A. B. Kpadonou Bruno Barbier Tom Owiyo Fatima Denton Franck Rutabingwa 《Natural resources forum》2019,43(1):41-55
Using a stepwise approach that combines several econometric methods, we assessed whether or not the adoption of modern seeds and the use of manure in cereal‐based systems are linked and, if so, what are the driving forces of the linkages between these two agricultural technologies under dry‐climate conditions in West Africa. We found complementary and substitutability linkages arising from jointness and endogeneity between the two technologies. Specifically, our findings reveal positive joint determination along with negative endogeneity between the two technologies indicating that, controlling for observable variables, both technologies are positively linked, but unobserved factors that affect one adoption decision are negatively correlated with the other. After controlling for jointness and endogeneity, we found significant complementarity linkages showing a significant positive effect of manure use on the adoption of modern seeds, which is also significantly and positively affected by the number of cash crops grown and remittances. The two technologies are reversely affected by schooling and the incidence of soil fertility problems within the farm, whereas the amount of healthy land has a positive effect on both. The study suggests that organic fertilizer can serve as an enabling factor for greater adoption of modern seeds, especially in less favourable climate areas, and strongly supports the argument behind the need to breed seeds suitable for the use of organic fertilizers. These findings provide avenues for re‐orientation of policies that promote the use of modern seeds in dryland areas in sub‐Saharan Africa, with a possibility of breeding and promoting them in packages with organic fertilizers to upscale their adoption. 相似文献
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Für Anregungen danken wir den Professoren P. Böger, P. Fabian, H. Flohn, M. Schidlowski und F. Wagner. 相似文献
48.
Franck?A.?HollanderEmail author Nicolas?Titeux Hans?Van?Dyck 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):777-783
Preference measures are widely used in habitat selection studies to test an animal’s choice relative to particular habitat
features, but most measures are subject to criticism as they fail to indicate the underlying behavioral motivation. Order
of settlement on breeding sites has been proposed as an effective measure in migratory organisms, as it conceptually approaches
a choice experiment. We tested the assumption that early red-backed shrikes (Lanius collurio) are more willing to defend their territorial resource than individuals arriving later. We earlier showed that shrikes arriving
first settled in forest plantations that resulted in lower reproductive success compared to territories on farmland, suggesting
an ecological trap. Therefore, individuals are expected to place higher value on the lower quality sites in forests. Within
the context of resource valuation theory in animal contests, we used a simulated territorial intrusion experiment to measure
territorial defense and to evaluate the perceived value of the territory during the settlement phase in both habitat types.
Males arriving early were much more motivated to defend their territory than late birds. After correction for the disparity
in the timing of arrival between habitat types, shrikes also more vigorously defended their territories in the forest habitat
associated with the lowest reproductive returns. Although some resource valuation mechanisms remain unclear, our results show
that early and late-arriving individuals strongly differ in behavioral motivation to hold their territorial resources. This
study also demonstrates for the first time that organisms may exhibit a higher degree of territorial aggressiveness in a lower
quality habitat. 相似文献
49.
Devault Damien A. Guillemin Jean-Philippe Millet Maurice Eymery Franck Hulin Marion Merlo Mathilde 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):61-67
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Prosulfocarb is a thiocarbamate herbicide that is rapidly growing in use due to the progressive bioresistance of weeds to certain pesticides and the... 相似文献
50.
Devault Damien A. Massat Félix Baylet Alexandre Dolique Franck Lopez Pascal-Jean 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):6-16
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Massive Sargassum sp. beachings have been occurring on Caribbean shores since 2011. The sargassum involved in such events are S. fluitans and S.... 相似文献