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101.
Yanyan Dou Baozhong Wang Liangyan Chen Daqiang Yin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5281-5288
Bicarbonate plays a crucial role in limiting the growth of submersed aquatic macrophytes in eutrophic lakes, and high ammonia is often toxic to macrophytes. In order to evaluate the combined effect of HCO3 ? and total ammonia (i.e., the total of NH3 and NH4 +) on submersed macrophytes Vallisneria natans, the growth and physiological response of V. natans in the presence of HCO3 ? and ammonia were studied. The results showed that with the increase of ammonia, morphological parameters of V. natans declined. In contrast, increased HCO3 ? concentration stimulated the growth of V. natans, especially when the NH4 +-N/NO3 ?-N ratio was 1:7. High ammonia concentration induced excess free amino acids (FAA) accumulation and soluble carbohydrates (SC) depletion in plant tissues. However, the elevated HCO3 ? promoted the synthesis of SC and rendered the decrease of FAA/SC ratio. The results also suggested that HCO3 ? could partially alleviate the stress of ammonia, as evidenced by the decrease of FAA/SC ratio and the growth enhancement of V. natans when the ammonia concentration was 0.58 mg?L?1. Given the fact that HCO3 ? is probably the dominant available carbon source in most eutrophic lakes, the ability of V. natans to use HCO3 ? for SC synthesis may explain the alleviating effect of HCO3 ? on V. natans under ammonia stress. 相似文献
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Organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of chemicals over long periods of time; thus, chronic mixture toxicity analysis is the best way to perform risk assessment in regards to organisms. However, most studies focus on the acute mixture toxicity. To investigate the difference between chronic mixture toxicity and acute mixture toxicity, Photobacterium phosphoreum were exposed to chronic (24 h exposure) and acute (15 min exposure) toxicity of single sulfonamide (SA) and their potentiator (trimethoprim, TMP), both individually and mixtures (SA with TMP). A comparison of chronic vs. acute mixture toxicity revealed the presence of an interesting phenomenon, that is, that the joint effects vary with the duration of exposure; the acute mixture toxicity was antagonistic, whereas the chronic mixture toxicity was synergistic. Based on the approach of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) and molecular docking, this phenomenon was proved to be caused by the presence of two points of dissimilarity between the acute and chronic mixture toxicity mechanism: (1) the receptor protein of SAs in acute toxicity was Luc, while in chronic toxicity it was Dhps, and (2) there is a difference between actual concentration of binding-Luc in acute toxicity and individual binding-Dhps in chronic toxicity. This deep insight into the difference between chronic and acute mixture toxicity will benefit environmental science, medical science, and other disciplines. The existence of these differences poses a challenge for the assessment of routine combinations in medicine, risk assessment, and mixture pollutant control, in which, previously, only a synergistic effect has been observed between SA and their potentiator. 相似文献
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采用固定床流动反应装置,考察Cu2O、CuO、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、MnO2、Ni2O3、V2O5等金属氧化物对NOCOCO2N2体系中NO去除反应的催化作用,同时,分析了NOCOCO2N2体系中金属氧化物对NO去除的作用。研究结果表明,各金属氧化物对NO去除反应均有不同程度的催化活性,其中Fe2O3、Ni2O3、CuO等对NO的去除显示出较强的催化作用。金属氧化物存在条件下NOCOCO2N2体系中,NO去除反应较为复杂,NO/CO气相直接反应、低价氧化物对NO的还原作用、金属氧化物对NO分解反应的催化作用及金属氧化物对NO/CO反应的催化作用等都可能存在。大部分金属氧化物以对NO/CO反应的催化作用为主,而Ni2O3的预还原试样对NO的直接分解反应表现了极强的催化活性。 相似文献
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沉积物中汞的甲基化研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汞是环境中存在的一种重要污染物质,其毒性与之化学形态密切相关。环境中的汞主要以无机汞形态存在,然而无机汞可以通过甲基化作用转化为毒性更强的甲基汞,从而给受到暴露的生物及人类带来更高的健康风险。沉积物是汞在水生环境系统中的主要分布相,也是无机汞甲基化过程发生的主要场所。沉积物中汞的甲基化过程受到生物种类、汞的生物可利用性等生物因素及温度、含硫化合物、有机质、氧化还原条件等环境理化性质的影响。本文对汞在沉积物中甲基化过程的作用机制及其影响因素的研究现状及最新进展进行了总结,并对未来更深入的研究进行了展望。 相似文献