模拟海洋全浸区环境下A517海工钢的腐蚀机理研究

目的 探究 A517 海工钢在海洋全浸区环境下的腐蚀机理。方法 通过模拟海洋全浸区腐蚀环境,利用失重法、SEM、EDS、XRD、电化学等测试技术,分析A517钢的腐蚀行为历程,并探讨其在全浸区的腐蚀机理。结果A517钢在厚度方向上的最大电位差为 13 mV,小于发生电偶腐蚀的最小电位差50mV,说明材料在厚度方向上的腐蚀敏感性一致。随浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀质量损失量逐渐增加,平均腐蚀速率先降低、后升高、最后趋于稳定,腐蚀速率约为 0.127 mm/a。结论 腐蚀动力初期主要是由溶解氧的极限扩散控制,后期则是腐蚀产物的氧化还原电荷转移控制。腐蚀首先在 Al₂O₃、MgO 等夹杂物处萌生扩展,腐蚀产物出现明显的分层现象,外锈层主要是疏松易脱落的γ-FeOOH,内锈层主要是致密均匀的 Fe₃O₄,同时锈层中还检测到了β-FeOOH和α-FeOOH的存在。锈层中存在大量微裂纹,削弱了产物膜的保护作用,促进了腐蚀的进行。     

市区主要交通路口机动车排气污染现状调查及防治对策

通过对主要交通路口汽车排气污染现状调查,证明交通路口是城市中空气质量最差地段,特别是对人体危害较火的总烃、一氧化碳、氮氧化物污染尤为严重;提出改善城区道路建设、改善燃料质量等防治措施。     

中性条件下超声波/零价铁协同降解活性艳红X-3B

考察了中性条件下超声波降解、零价铁还原及超声波-零价铁联用对活性艳红X-3B模拟废水的降解效果,通过对比降解过程中UV-Vis光谱的变化,探讨了超声波-零价铁协同处理活性艳红X-3B的可行性.结果表明,在中性条件下超声波对活性艳红X-3B降解缓慢,经过25min辐射后,活性艳红X-3B的分解率不足7.5%;零价铁直接还原速率较慢,反应25min后,活性艳红X-3B的分解率仅为48.82%;"超声波/零价铁"对降解活性艳红X-3B有明显的协同效应,25min后分解率达99.42%(600W),反应符合准一级动力学过程.与零价铁直接还原相比,在200W,400W和600W超声波的协同作用下,X-3B降解的表观反应速率常数分别提高了2.12,2.76和4.00倍,半衰期相应缩短.另外,添加H2O2会抑制协同效应.     

兼性厌氧苯胺降解菌的分离鉴定及其特性

从处理印染废水的厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)系统中分离、纯化并筛选出1株能以苯胺为唯一碳氮源进行代谢的兼性厌氧苯胺降解菌株AN29.经过形态、生理生化特征试验和16S rDNA序列分析结果,鉴定菌株AN29为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.),其特性为:降解苯胺的最适温度为37℃,降解苯胺合适的起始pH值为6.5～8.0,可以利用苯胺的最高浓度为4 000mg/L,合适起始浓度为500～2 000mg/L.     

西安夏季大气亚微米颗粒物化学组成与来源的在线观测研究

西安作为汾渭平原地区最大的城市,大气颗粒物污染形势严峻.2017年夏季期间,在西安市浐灞生态园区运用气溶胶化学组分监测仪,对大气亚微米颗粒物中的非难挥发性组分(NR-PM1)进行了在线监测.观测期间NR-PM1的平均质量浓度为(30.1?±?15.4)μg???m?3.其中有机物含量最高,占NR-PM1总质量浓度的63...     

Adsorption removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by calcined hydrotalcite

A hydrotalcite with Mg/AI molar ratio 2 was prepared by co-precipitation method and was characterized by XRD, TG/DTA, Zeta potential and BET surface area. The hydrotalcite was calcined at 500℃, with the dehydration from interlayer, the dehydroxilation from the brucite-like layer and the decomposition of carbonate successively, transformed into the mixed oxide type. The removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by using the original hydrotalcite and calcined hydrotalcite （HTC-500） was investigated. The results showed that the thiocyanate adsorption capacity of calcined hydrotalcite was much higher than that of the original form. Calcined hydrotalcite was particularly effective at removing thiocyanate, and that the effective range of pH for the thiocyanate removal are between 5.5-10.0. The experimental data of thiocyanate removal fit nicely with Langmuir isotherm, and the saturated adsorption uptake was 96.2 mg SCN-/g HTC-500. The adsorption of thiocyanate by calcined hydrotalcite follows first-order kinetics. And the intercalation to the structure recovery for calcined hydrotalcite. But the presence of additional anions could affect the adsorption behavior of thiocyanate.     

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.     

基于等离子体反应器的室内空气智能净化装置的研究

介绍了室内空气质量的基本概念。讨论了影响室内空气质量的因素和室内环境中污染物来源、特点及危害;分析了室内空气的状况以及目前市场上存在的空气清新器的特点。阐述等离子空气清新器的智能控制系统结构和实现过程;展望了等离子体空气净化技术的前景并指出了存在的问题。     

无消防水池的变电站火灾工况数值模拟研究

当前,建于市区的变电站为了节约用地,其消防系统通常不建设消防水池,消防用水直接从市政管网取水,该消防模式下的取水安全及管网响应情况值得关注.论文以某城市中心城区为例,采用EPANET 2.0构建了供水管网模型,针对供水高峰、流量转输和事故爆管3种不利供水条件,开展了无消防水池变电站的消防系统5种不同火灾工况的水力计算与...     

核电厂安全文化与发展

核电厂的安全问题必须得到应有的重视.核电厂的安全文化由以下两个方面组成:第1是体制,由单位的政策和管理者的活动所确定;第2是每个人的响应,这些人在上述体制中工作,并从中受益.提出了核安全文化的起源、特性和发展,以及核安全文化的建设与提高.