青、草、鲢、鳙的乳酸脱氢酶同功酶谱及其与毒物作用的关系

本文报道了我国四大家鱼——青、草、鲢、鳙的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同功酶电泳图谱及毒物对草鱼血清乳酸脱氢酶(SLDH)同功酶谱的影响。 用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳,可以测出鲢、鳙血清中各有一条深色的LDH带、背、草鱼血清中含有五条深色的LDH同功酶带。草鱼不同器官组织匀浆中的LDH同功酶相对活性比例不同,与人类相似。 0.1ppm氯化汞、氯化镉、硝酸铅、硫酸铜,0.008ppm滴滴涕和0.84ppm对硫磷分别使草鱼致毒33天,发现氯化镉、硝酸铅使SLDH_5活性升高,氯化汞使SLDH_1升高,而硫酸铜使SLDH_4降低。在这个浓度下,滴滴涕、对硫磷致毒没有使鱼SLDH同功酶在比例上发生显著变化。 农药厂废水污染的Y湖中,肯、草、鲢、鳙SLDH总活性比污染较轻的T湖同种鱼高,特别是青、草鱼的SLDH_5活性明显升高。     

兰州市大气飘尘中致突变物变化规律的研究

本研究对兰州市不同污染区(石油化工为主、燃煤、商业及农村)在不同季节时的大气飘尘,作了对比采样.飘尘样品用溶剂抽提法提取后,用化学萃取法分离为五个有机物馏分.用毛细色谱-质谱-计算机联用系统进行了定性分析,并用毛细管色谱法进行了部分定量分析.用Ames试验(用TA1537、TA98和TA100三株菌.加与不加S-1)对其致突变活性进行了研究.并对有机致突变物在不同污染区、不同季节的变化规律及其来源进行了初步探讨.     

GJB 150A淋雨试验强化试验程序数值模拟和试验装置设计研究

目的 研究GJB 150.8A—2009《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第8部分:淋雨试验》中强化试验程序的工程实现方法.方法 在标准解读的基础上,以强化试验程序用喷嘴为对象,建立数值模型,分析喷嘴在强化试验程序过程中的流场分布,并基于分析结果给出强化试验程序试验装置设计的思路和方法.结果 在喷嘴内,压力变化剧烈,极短距离内由276 kPa迅速降至101 kPa.水流经过喷嘴经历了激烈的加速过程,从距离喷嘴出口0.01～0.4 m,水流速度从251 m/s迅速降至17.8 m/s,到远场趋于稳定.结论 分析结果对指导强化试验程序的试验装置的设计和试验实施具有重要参考意义.     

在磁场中活性炭吸附有机物的研究

将磁化技术引入吸附过程中，考察了磁场处理对活性炭吸附苯、硝基苯、苯甲酸、氯苯和苯酚的影响．结果表明，预磁处理能使非极性物质苯和极性较小的氯苯、苯酚在活性炭上的吸附容量减小，而使极性较大的苯甲酸和有NO2基团的硝基苯的吸附容量增大．增大磁场强度能加强苯和苯甲酸的磁处理效果。     

微孔膜生物反应器在港口含油洗涤废水处理工程中的应用

介绍了微孔膜生物反应器在港口含油洗涤废水处理工程中的应用，进行了设计参数的选取、工程设计和运行效果分析，设计污水处理量为30.0m^3/d。运行结果表明，微孔膜生物反应器具有运行效果稳定、抗冲击负荷能力强、硝化能力强、操作运行简便等优点。     

V2O5-WO3/TiO2脱硝催化剂的制备及其性能

对选择性催化还原脱硝用催化剂V2O5-WO3/TiO2的制备工艺进行了实验研究.采用溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO2凝胶,对凝胶进行不同条件下的干燥和煅烧处理,然后通过浸渍法在TiO2上依次负载WO3和V2O5,最终得到V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂.结果表明,TiO2凝胶的处理温度对催化剂结构和脱除NO的性能有一定的影响,TiO2凝胶干燥温度为105 ℃时制得的催化剂活性较高,在实验条件下NO脱除率最高可达98.3%.     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:A 5-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions.However,it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity.To elucidate relationships between them,in a eutrophic shallow lake,Taihu Lake,relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity.The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus(TP)played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons(i.e.temperature in winter,spring and summer; TP in spring,summer and autumn); COD(chemical oxygen demand)and BOD(biological oxygen demand)presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring,summer and autumn.However,a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn,and conversely negative ones in summer.As the predatory factor,zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season.Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were observed between phytoplankton biomass and pH,Trans(transparency of water)and DO.The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity,which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability,and hence,advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

有机气溶胶的来源与形成研究现状

介绍了有机气溶胶来源与形成的研究现状,从有机气溶胶的化学组成特征、一次有机气溶胶的来源和二次有机气溶胶的形成机制论述其研究进展.一次有机气溶胶主要来源于烹调油烟、机动车排放、生物质燃烧、工业或民用燃油锅炉释放出的有机物,还有道路扬尘、沥青、刹车尘、轮胎屑、室外香烟烟雾、以及高等植物蜡、细菌活动和草本植物等.大气中的半挥发性有机物可通过物理和化学吸附形成二次有机气溶胶,一些挥发性有机物可通过气相化学反应转化为低挥发性的物质并形成二次有机气溶胶,其主要前体物是芳香族化合物,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯,以及烯烃、烷烃、环烷烃、萜烯和生物排放的非饱和氧化物.     

Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment on nematode communities in a Chinese farmland ecosystem

At a rice-wheat rotational free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE) platform, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematode communities in a farmland ecosystem was studied. Wheat plots were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient 370 μl/L 200 μl/L).32 families and 40 genera of nematode were observed in soil suspensions during the study period. Under FACE treatment, the numbers of total nematodes, bacterivores and fungivores exhibited an increasing trend. Because of the seasonal variation of soil temperature and moisture, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematodes was only observed under favorable conditions. The response of nematode communities to elevated atmospheric CO2 may indicate the change of soil food web.     

厌氧折流板反应器处理有毒废水及其污泥特性的研究

在１６．２Ｌ厌氧折流板反应器中，处理以葡萄糖为共基质的含五氯酚钠（ＰＣＰ－Ｎａ）有毒废水，进水ＣＯＤ为１１００－１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＨＲＴ为１d。结果表明，ＡＢＲ 对有毒物负荷变化的适应能力强，当进水ＰＣＰ－Ｎa小于８ｍｇ／Ｌ时，出水ＣＯＤ在８０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＰＣＰ－Ｎa在０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，运行稳定。在有毒物低于抑制浓度 下反应器内参形成颗粒污泥，颗粒污泥表面为发酵产酸菌，内部为产甲烷菌，自身形成良好