有害甲藻米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）对海洋青鳉鱼（Oryzias melastigm）的急性毒性效应研究

米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）是我国近岸海域常见的有毒有害藻华肇事种,能产生多种毒素,其发生藻华时会使大量鱼类或贝类死亡。本研究从细胞生物学、氧化和免疫酶活性角度研究米氏凯伦藻对海洋青鳉鱼（Oryzias melastigma）的急性毒性效应（72 h）,以期揭示米氏凯伦藻对鱼类的致死原因。组织切片结果表明,高浓度的米氏凯伦藻[（1.37～1.52）×107 cells/L]可以导致海洋青鳉鱼鳃丝断裂,成团状与相邻鳃丝融合,鳃丝上皮细胞的细胞核发生偏移,并使肝细胞出现空泡化现象。高浓度的米氏凯伦藻能够抑制海洋青鳉鱼的鳃和肝组织的SOD酶活性和CAT酶活性,引起海洋青鳉鱼脂质过氧化,导致丙二醛（MDA）含量升高,对组织造成损伤。本研究结果表明,米氏凯伦藻可能通过氧化应激反应使海洋青鳉鱼的鳃和肝组织受损,为深入阐明米氏凯伦藻的毒性机制提供参考。     

CO2含量对污泥燃烧Fuel-N析出特性的影响

在模拟水泥分解炉气氛条件下,考察了CO_2浓度对污泥燃料N(Fuel-N)析出特性的影响,结果表明污泥Fuel-N的析出形式主要为NH_3、HCN及NO_x.在研究的CO_2浓度范围(体积分数0～35%)内,CO_2浓度的升高将消耗更多的含氮位点和H自由基,导致NH_3的析出受到抑制;而CO_2能直接氧化HCN或—CN官能团,导致HCN的析出随着CO_2浓度的升高逐渐降低.NO_x的析出量随CO_2含量的升高先减小后升高,在25%时达到最小值.NO_x的生成和还原反应是同步发生的,在燃烧温度和O_2含量一定的情况下,NO_x的析出主要受NO_x还原反应的影响,研究表明燃烧过程中同时存在NO_x的气相均相还原反应和气固异相还原反应.当CO_2浓度从0上升至25%时,CO_2分子与污泥焦反应生成的CO相对增加,在污泥焦表面的催化作用下,NO_x被CO还原的量增多,此时污泥焦对NO_x的气固异相还原占据主导地位;继续增加CO_2浓度至35%时,还原性气体HCN生成幅度下降较大,此时HCN、NH_3对NO_x的气气均相还原占据主导地位,导致NO_x的析出逐渐升高.     

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tree-rings of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) from two industrial sites in the Pearl River Delta, south China

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined and potential sources of PAHs were identified from the dated tree-rings of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) near two industrial sites (Danshuikeng, DSK and Xiqiaoshan, XQS) in the Pearl River Delta of south China. Total concentrations of PAHs (∑PAHs) were revealed with similar patterns of temporal trends in the tree-rings at both sites, suggesting tree-rings recorded the historical variation in atmospheric PAHs. The differences of individual PAHs and of ∑PAHs detected in the tree-rings between the two sites reflected the historical differences of airborne PAHs. Regional changes in industrial activities might contribute to the site-specific and period-specific patterns of the tree-ring PAHs. The diagnostic PAH ratios of Ant/(Ant + PA), FL/(FL + Pyr), and BaA/(BaA + Chr)) revealed that PAHs in the tree-rings at both sites mainly stemmed from the combustion process (pyrogenic sources). Principal component analysis further confirmed that wood burning, coal combustion, diesel, and gasoline-powered vehicular emissions were the dominant contributors of PAHs sources at DSK, while diesel combustion, gasoline and natural gas combustion, and incomplete coal combustion were responsible for the main origins of PAHs at XQS. Tree-ring analysis of PAHs was indicative of PAHs from a mixture of sources of combustion, thus minimizing the bias of short-term active air sampling.     

安全标准化有关技术问题探讨

针对在有关培训、咨询中发现的问题,对矿山安全标准化过程中安全基础管理、风险管理、安全工作持续改进以及系统策划和内部评价、标准化等级的确定等技术问题进行了探讨.     

庐山名人别墅de建筑环境与自然空间

●庐山的历史遗迹以其独特的方式,融汇在具有突出价值的自然美之中,形成了具有极高美学价值的,与中华民族精神和文化生活紧密相联的文化景观.     

CGE model-based analysis of the neutralized hybrid carbon policy and its decomposed effects on economic growth,carbon reduction,and energy utilization costs

The hybrid policy is a flexible policy tool that combines features of carbon trading and carbon taxation.Its economic and environmental effects under China's background are still not studied in detail.Given the exogenous carbon reduction targets,carbon prices,and carbon tax-rates,by computable general equilibrium modeling methods and factor decomposition methods,this article investigates direct and cascaded effects of the hybrid policy on economic growth,energy utilization,and carbon emission on the national level and the sector level,with China's national input-output data-set.Stepwisely,policy scenarios with irrational estimated results are selectively excluded based on comprehensive evaluation among economic,carbon reduction and other policy targets.As a result,against national economic conditions in 2007,the hybrid policy,with a carbon reduction target of -10%,a carbon tax-rate of around $10,and a ceiling carbon price of $40,is highly recommended,because of its significant lower economic loss,lower energy utilization cost,and practical robustness against fluctuation of energy market and carbon market.Furthermore,by decomposition analysis,carbon reduction-related costs are decomposed into a direct part that includes carbon allowance price and carbon tax,and an indirect part as the energy price incremental induced by direct carbon costs.Gross carbon reduction may be decomposed into three parts such as energy intensity,economic scale,and technical progress.And,carbon taxation is the main policy tool that stimulates to improve the energy efficiency.     

基于OMI数据的青岛市酸沉降通量估算

针对地面监测点位过少,不能满足大区域范围土壤酸沉降通量研究需求的现状,建立了基于OMI痕量气体遥感数据和地面观测数据的区域酸沉降通量估算方法,并对青岛市硫元素和氮元素沉降通量进行了估算。结果表明,新方法能够实现大区域范围土壤酸沉降通量的估算。与传统估算方法相比,新方法采用大气痕量气体遥感监测数据,是对酸沉降通量常规研究手段的有益补充。     

化工园区大气在线监控优先污染物筛选方法研究

针对当前我国化工园区污染物在线监控的需求,借鉴国内外研究的经验,以污染物的致癌性、急性毒性、化学反应活性为筛选因子,提出了一套简易的在线监控优先污染物筛选方法,并以宁波石化工业园为实例,筛选出46种优先监控污染物,名单主要包括烷烃类1种,烯烃类8种,卤代烃类6种,醛酮类3种,醚类2种,酚类1种,芳烃类12种,杂环化合物1种,醇类3种,胺类4种,硝基化合物1种,无机化合物3种及丙烯腈,为后续大气污染物在线监控的设置提供了科学依据.     

秸秆及生物炭添加对猪粪沼渣施肥水稻重金属积累的影响

秸秆还田在重金属污染稻田中被广泛应用并日益推广,其对土壤中重金属生物有效性和水稻重金属吸收积累产生的影响不容忽视.本研究选用因连续10年以上施用生猪沼渣沼液而导致重金属超标的水稻土,通过盆栽试验研究了不同的秸秆还田方式(直接还田或生物炭还田)与用量(0、1%、2%、4%和8%)对水稻重金属吸收积累的影响.结果表明,长期施用沼渣沼液可导致土壤重金属富集,其中,铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和镉(Cd)含量高于国家土壤环境质量二级标准;秸秆或生物炭添加提高了水稻根或茎叶中重金属的截留,降低了籽粒中的积累;秸秆还田对于水稻Cu的吸收积累控制效果显著,添加1%、2%、4%和8%的秸秆分别使糙米中的Cu含量降低了35%、51%、64%和71%;生物炭添加对于控制水稻Cd的吸收积累效果显著,1%、2%、4%和8%生物炭添加量分别使水稻Cd的积累降低了21%、33%、36%和35%.对于Zn的吸收积累,两种还田方式均具有显著的控制效果;但在As污染稻田,秸秆直接还田应慎重,因为秸秆添加可显著提高糙米中As的积累.通过对比不同的秸秆还田量对控制糙米中重金属积累的效果,同时考虑该区域重金属的污染状况和还田成本,推荐在该施肥区域实施2%的秸秆直接还田.该研究将为水稻安全生产与农业废弃物循环利用提供理论与实践指导.     

2012年-2014年常州市大气污染特征分析研究

利用2012年-2014年常州市大气污染数据、气象观测数据,通过分析污染物浓度的月变化、季节变化,污染物浓度与能见度及各气象要素间的关系,得到以下结论:风对大气污染物具有较好的扩散、稀释作用,风力越大,污染物浓度越低;降水对大气污染物具有较好的冲刷、沉降作用,降水量越大,持续时间越长,污染物浓度越低;气温与污染物浓度直接关系较小,但由于夏季污染物浓度较低,表现为气温越高污染物浓度越低;冬季反之,故从整体上看气温与污染物浓度呈反相关关系;相对湿度对各污染物浓度有一定影响,在适宜的湿度条件下,水汽对污染物有较好的吸附作用,有利于颗粒物等的生成和增长.