光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)法观测我国4个本底站大气CO2

利用基于光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术自组装的大气CO2在线观测系统,于2009年在青海瓦里关、浙江临安、北京上甸子和黑龙江龙风山4个世界气象组织全球大气观测网(WMO/GAW)大气本底站对大气CO2进行了在线观测.初步分析结果表明,4站全年大气CO2体积分数最低值出现在7～8月,夏季临安、龙风山和上甸子站CO2平均体积...     

日本森林大气中过氧化物的浓度及其对森林植物的影响

为了研究森林衰退的原因,于2000,2001和2002年的8月,分别选择出现森林衰退的日本奥日光白根山落叶树森林和未出现森林衰退的长野县大芝高原红松森林设立监测点,对光化学氧化剂臭氧(O3)和过氧化物的浓度进行监测,同时利用人工气候室对森林植物山毛榉和白桦进行了50′10-9O3、100′10-9O3和50′10-9O3+2′10-9~3′10-9过氧化物(过氧化氢(H2O2)及甲基过氧化氢(MHP))的暴露实验.野外监测结果表明,监测期间奥日光和长野的O3平均浓度相同,奥日光的H2O2及MHP平均浓度均高于长野;大气中的H2O2和MHP总是与O3共存,并且其浓度随O3浓度的增加而增加.暴露实验结果表明,暴露于50′10-9O3+2′10-9~3′10-9过氧化物的山毛榉和白桦出现了不同于O3暴露的叶片伤害症状;与100′10-9O3相比,50′10-9O3+2′10-9~3′10-9过氧化物导致植物出现了严重的叶片伤害和显著的光合速率下降.研究结果表明,除O3外,大气中的过氧化物也是导致森林衰退的原因之一.     

焦化废水处理工程调试运行研究

针对焦化废水处理调试运行存在的问题,以实际运行中的焦化废水处理工程为例,介绍了其调试运行过程.指出焦化废水调试及稳定运行的控制要点,并提出调试运行过程中可能出现的问题及解决措施,为同类废水的调试和运行提供参考.     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

Identification of odorous compounds in reclaimed water using FPA combined with sensory GC-MS

Odorous compounds in the influent of a reclaimed water treatment plant (RWTP), consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, continuous micro-filtration (CMF), and chlorination in succession, in a north China city, were identified by combining flavor profile analysis (FPA) with sensory gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sewery/swampy/septic odor with an odor intensity of 6.4 was found to be the major odor group in the RWTP influent, and the existence of well-known odorant including dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, indole and skatole were confirmed using GC-MS. The result of a spiking test showed that the intensity (3.6) of the sewery/swampy/septic odor caused by these four chemicals contributed to over 50% of the odor intensity of the influent. The FPA intensity for sewery/swampy/septic odor in the RWTP effluent was 3.8, showing that the treatment process was not efficient for the removal of odorants, particularly indole and skatole.     

废弃阻燃塑料热失重行为与分解规律的研究

文章主要是研究废弃电子产品阻燃材料的热解回收方法;主要研究废弃阻燃塑料的热失重规律和热分解产物,以印刷线路板为原料利用差热热重分析仪和热裂解色谱和质谱进行了实验室规模热解实验.结果表明:热失重反应的平均活化能为182.294 kJ/mol,指前因子为3.07×1011s-1,反应的温度区间为580K～600K;随着升温...     

STAC有机膨润土的表征及其处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

文章以钙基蒙脱石为原料,经钠化后与十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(又称1831,简称STAC)进行离子交换反应,合成有机膨润土,通过XRD、IR 、SEM等测试仪,对有机膨润土的结构进行了分析,同时利用改性后的STAC有机膨润土对某垃圾填埋场中的渗滤液进行处理,用GC/MS对处理前后垃圾渗滤液中主要有机组分进行了分析,结果表明,...     

北方某钢铁厂部分厂区土壤重金属污染的初步调查

对北方某即将搬迁钢铁厂的部分厂区土壤重金属进行了初步调查,主要利用SPSS相关和变异分析、Surfer空间分析及归一化处理对重金属污染的空间分布特征进行了描述。一区污染最为严重,有Hg、Mn、Zn、As、Cr和Cu;二区污染物主要为As、Pb和Zn;三区污染主要有As、Cr和Co;四区污染物有Cr、Co、Mn、Cu和Pb,污染相对较低。研究为调查区域搬迁后的土地规划提供了科学依据。     

PU合成革废水治理分析

生产聚氨酯（PU）合成革的废水中含有高浓度有机物,其中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）毒性大,难生物降解.文章阐述了合成革的生产工艺,分析该过程中DMF废水形成阶段、处理现状及其处理方法.结合各种方法的优缺点,展望了DMF废水的处理研究方向.     

鄂尔多斯市城市道路交通噪声的现状分析及防治对策——以东胜区为例

通过分析鄂尔多斯市2007—2010年东胜区道路交通噪声污染现状,指出存在的主要问题,提出了相应的污染控制及防治措施,为有效改善城市道路交通噪声污染提供科学依据。