面向矿山废弃地复垦的炉渣污泥人工土壤的理化特性

通过添加不同比例的燃煤电厂粉煤灰和炉渣对城市污泥进行钝化,配制成不同灰渣比例的人工土壤,对人工土壤的pH、电导率、养分含量、重金属含量以及持水、渗水性能进行了研究。结果表明,污泥人工土壤pH介于7.5～8.0之间,属于弱碱性土壤;电导率变化范围为2.93～3.71 mS/cm,表明盐分含量较高。污泥人工土壤中有效态养分含量随炉渣比例提高而增加,所有配比人工土壤有机质和有效磷、速效钾的含量达到高肥力水平。人工土壤中Cd、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn含量均明显低于国家农用标准(GB 4284-84、GB 8173-87)。粉煤灰渣对污泥中有效态Cd、Ni、Pb和Cu有钝化作用,使其向无效态转化,对Zn则有活化作用。炉渣对Cd、Ni的钝化作用要优于粉煤灰,而粉煤灰对Pb、Cu的钝化作用要优于炉渣。添加炉渣提高了污泥人工土壤水分的蒸发量,减弱了人工土壤的持水能力,但加入炉渣使人工土壤的渗透系数显著增加,提高了其渗水性能。     

青岛旅游业对区域产业结构优化的贡献研究

中国产业结构历经调整,三次产业的比重逐步改善,但仍待进一步优化。旅游业的兴旺带动了相关产业的发展,对区域产业结构优化产生了积极影响,但从旅游业视角对产业结构的研究相对较少。以青岛为例,通过分析表明旅游收入与旅游人数均呈稳步增长趋势,且在国民经济中的地位也得以稳步提升;进一步分析旅游业发展对区域产业结构变动影响的存在性,通过格兰杰因果关系检验,表明旅游发展是区域产业结构优化的重要原因;在此基础上,分析旅游业发展对区域产业结构变动的影响因素,从旅游供给、旅游需求、旅游外商投资三个角度主要选取旅游景区(点)、旅游企业全员劳动生产率、旅游基础设施、旅游企业从业人数、旅游人数、城镇居民国内旅游出游率、国内旅游人均消费、外商餐饮住宿业的投资额等指标,运用因子分析法,将主要影响因素归结为旅游供求、旅游投资两大要素。为提升旅游发展对区域产业结构优化的带动力,促进产业结构优化升级,必须采取一系列措施以刺激旅游需求、扩大旅游供给、增加旅游投资。     

丙溴磷在稻田环境中的残留动态研究

确立了气相色谱法测定丙溴磷残留量的检测方法.采用该方法,丙溴磷在土壤、植株、糙米、稻壳和田水中的平均添加回收率为87.2％～103.6％,变异系数为3.20％～11.50％,最低检测质量浓度:田水为0.005 mg/kg;土壤、植株、糙米和稻壳为0.050 mg/kg.残留动态研究表明,丙溴磷在田水、植株和土壤中的半衰...     

预氯化工艺去除水中氰化物、硫化物及水合肼等还原性污染物研究

以较常见的预氯化为技术手段,考察了预氯化工艺去除饮用水中氰化物、硫化物以及水合肼等还原性污染物的效果和影响因素.结果表明:(1)实验条件下氰化物浓度随有效氯投加量的增加而下降,并在有效氯投加量＞5.0 mg/L时降低到低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)中限值(0.05mg/L),在有效氯投加量＞6.0...     

基于模糊聚类的中国分省碳排放初步研究

探索低碳发展的道路,既要注意到发展模式的普适性,也要考虑模式的适应性.在中国,从1980年开始CO2的排放总量就不断上涨.但是由于地区之间经济发展水平、生活水平以及环境状况之间存在很大差异,沿海与内陆、东中西部碳排放的驱动因素差异较大,因此在实施低碳发展时,必须考虑影响区域碳排放驱动因素的差异,从而有针对性地制定减排策略.本文从环境经济学角度出发,基于碳排放的驱动因素,利用Kaya模型研究分析例如影响中国碳排放的主要因素--人口、人均国民生产总值和单位国民生产总值碳排放量,并将此三项指标作为模糊聚类指标,将中国按碳排放驱动因素分为4大区域,并针对各区域提出实现低碳发展的相关政策建议.最后,本文对应用该方法将中国按照碳排放驱动因素进行区划的优点与不足做了进一步的讨论.     

Splenocyte apoptotic pathway in mice following oral exposure to cerium trichloride

With their widespread application in agriculture, industry, culture, medicine, and daily life, lanthanide compounds are being brought into the ecological environment and human body through food chains. It is important to know the acute and chronic effects of lanthanides on the environment, nature balance, and the human body after their entry into bodies and the environment. Lanthanides have been demonstrated to cause spleen apoptosis and decreased immunity of mice, but very little is known about the molecular aspects of these mechanism. In order to understand the spleen apoptotic mechanism induced by intragastric administration of 2, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) body weight CeCl(3) for consecutive 60 d, we investigated the cerium accumulation, apoptosis, the expression levels of the apoptosis-related cytokines into apoptosis-related genes and proteins. The results demonstrated that cerium had obvious accumulation in the mouse spleen, leading to the significant increase of the spleen indices and splenocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, CeCl(3) could effectively activate caspase-3 and -9, decrease the Bcl-2 the levels of gene and protein, and increase the levels of Bax, and cytochrome c genes and their protein expressions, and promote reactive oxygen species production. It implied CeCl(3)-induced apoptosis in the mouse spleen via intrinsic pathway. Our findings suggest the need for great caution to handle the lanthanides for workers and consumers.     

青海省限制开发区人口容量研究

对主体功能区划分后,必然会由此突现一些问题,其中合理的人口容量就是亟待解决的关键问题之一。青海省地处青藏高原东北部,是连接青藏高原,西北地区及华中地区的重要区域,其区域内有三江源等重要的生态功能区,该区域的生态建设和经济发展具有很重要的意义。尤其是在青海省内限制开发区面积较大,其发展更有着举足轻重的作用。本文以青海省主体功能区的划分为基础,借鉴相关的研究成果,利用适度人口容量的PRE预测方法,预测并讨论青海省限制开发区的适度人口容量,分析了适度人口容量和该地区可持续发展的关系,提出了人口迁移的意见,将对青海省主体功能区的形成和发展有一定的借鉴和帮助。     

Accumulation levels and characteristics of some pesticides in human adipose tissue samples from Southeast China

This paper presents a comprehensive study of pesticide levels and bio-accumulation characteristics in human adipose tissues among residents of Southeast China. A large number of adipose samples (n = 633) were selected for 58 pesticides and were analyzed by high sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that POPs pesticides were frequently detected, including 2,4′-DDD, 2,4′-DDE, 2,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDD, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDT, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex. Other detected pesticide species were dicofol, methamidophos and chlordimeform, which have rarely been reported. Comparing to different countries, the concentrations of total DDT and HCH in these three Chinese southeastern sites were in the middle range, whereas the HCB and mirex were in the lower end. A significant correlation was observed between region as well as age and POPs pesticide levels. Some pesticide residue levels were also found significantly correlated to occupation. However, there was no significant correlation between gender and pesticides. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that mortality of malignant tumors tends to associate with the pesticides levels in human adipose tissue. More importantly, the measured data presented in this study provide realistic information which is useful for assessing human exposure to pesticides in the general population of Southeast China.     

填埋场污染控制新标准下生物反应器填埋场的机遇与挑战

生物反应器填埋场是近20年发展起来的一种新型填埋方式,具有很多传统填埋场不具备的优点。《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)的发布,对填埋场的污染控制提出了更高的要求。该新标准中一些条款的变动,给生物反应器填埋场在中国的推广和应用提供了机遇和挑战。对此进行分析,以供生物反应器填埋场的选择、设计和运行管理作参考。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征,分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验,同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下,棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71．2mg／g和59．8mg／g;动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程,吸附达到平衡的时间为3h;热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。