MDAT-IAT同步脱氮除磷工艺活性污泥在不同基质中的厌氧释磷特性研究

对改进型MDATIAT(ModifiedDemandedAerationTankIntermittentAerationTank)同步脱氮除磷工艺中活性污泥在不同基质下的厌氧释磷特性进行了研究.在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠4种单一基质中,活性污泥厌氧释磷量分别为1.58、3.55、3.04和1.86mg·L-1;释磷速率分别达到0.02、0.05、0.15和0.10mg·L-1·min-1.另外,在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠组成的混合基质中的活性污泥厌氧释磷试验结果表明,混合基质中活性污泥释磷量和释磷速率均大于4种单一基质中的释磷量和释磷速率,分别达到8.51mg·L-1和0.31mg·L-1·min-1.     

浅议石油企业绿色采购管理

随着环境保护标准的日益严格、公众环境权益要求的不断提高,石油企业实施绿色采购已成为实施节能减排、提高竞争能力、实现又快又好发展的重要途径;这也是建设环境友好型、资源节约型企业的重要内容。石油企业应从推行物资供应各环节监管、实施物资生命周期全过程评估、加强物资产品供应商管理、强化物资流通信息化建设等方面,建立完善的企业绿色采购管理体系。     

我国食用菌产业的发展现状及开发策略

从食用菌栽培种类、栽培技术、加工技术、出口贸易等方面阐述了我国食用菌产业的发展现状，并在此基础上提出了持续、健康、稳定发展我国食用菌产业的开发策略：即大力开发种质资源；开发新原料、新配方；建立大型企业，实现标准化，创建特色品牌；加强食用菌保鲜和深加工的开发；建立健全质量标准体系，等。此外，还需加强食用菌遗传学、生理学、生态学、病虫害防治等方面的研究，以期为创造新品种、优质高产提供理论依据。     

兰州市大气单颗粒来源识别及应用

为配合兰州市政府开展冬季大气污染防治工作,有针对性地抓住重点,降低污染源控制的社会成本,提出更有效的冬防污染源控制对策,2011年12月21—23日在兰州8个采样点共采集10个样品,对其进行电子显微镜来源解析研究。结果表明,兰州市单颗粒形态主要分为层状不规则、链状、圆球形、单体结晶体以及多形态混合型。同时在榆中工业区和西固区附近发现葡萄状和表面液态颗粒物等特征形态。兰州市的大气颗粒物主要来源于扬尘、燃煤、机动车及二次颗粒物;机动车排放颗粒物虽在各采样点均有发现,但总体上所占比例不大;榆中工业区及西固区的工业污染物可能对主城区污染产生明显影响;兰州市主城区的大气颗粒物主要来自局地的排放。建议兰州市重点加强主城区扬尘及燃煤污染控制,严格控制榆中工业区及西固区工业污染源排放。     

农田排水对地表水环境影响的调查

中国是农业大国,以保障食品供应安全为前提的农耕生产,还未将生态环境保护纳入生产过程进行管理。为进一步了解农耕生产对地表水环境的影响,支撑未来生态环境管理需求,选取具有代表性的独立水田和旱田作为实验区块,在备耕期追加底肥,泡田时段和农作物生长期施加农药、化肥、除草剂、杀虫剂等各个农事环节前后时段,跟踪监测实验区块内积水、外排水、周边受纳水体在实验区块排水前后的水质变化情况,共设置27个监测点位,收集4 184个实验数据。实验显示:农田排水会污染地表水环境,污染具有冲击性,且与农药和化肥的施用时间、种类和数量密切相关,并随农田农药和化肥肥效衰减而逐渐降低直至消失。     

高校校园盥洗废水回用分析

以四川大学望江校区为例,分析了高校校园学生宿舍盥洗废水回用的必要性、可行性和优势,对盥洗废水回用方案进行了规划,并对人工湿地在校园中水回用中的意义进行了分析.结果表明,在高校校园中进行中水回用具有可观的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益.     

鸟粪石结晶法回收废水中氮磷的研究进展

采用鸟粪石结晶法处理含氮磷污水,可实现氮磷的去除及回收利用.本文介绍了鸟粪石法处理含氮磷污水的基本原理、现阶段研究热点,总结了目前研究的不足之处,展望了该法处理含氮磷污水的研究方向及发展前景.     

四川省固体废物处置现状及对策探讨

我国《固体废物污染环境防治法》（以下简称《固废法》）自1996年4月1日颁布实施8年来,在实际工作中面临了许多新的问题。因此,立法机关重新修订了《固废法》,并于2004年4月1日起生效。由此可以看出,固废的污染防治越来越得到重视。我省固体废物产生量近年来一直呈上升趋势,但其综合利用率和处置率偏低,造成的污染日趋严重。本文分别对我省一般工业固废、危险废物和生活垃圾处置现状进行分析,提出提高我省固废处置几点建议。     

Determination of VOC source signature of vehicle exhaust in a traffic tunnel

This study describes the methodology used to obtain the volatile organic compound (VOC) source signature of vehicle exhaust. To accomplish this, C(2)-C(9) VOCs were measured in a traffic tunnel located in Seoul, South Korea. The effect of VOC concentrations from the outside ambient air was considered in the determination of the source signature. To examine the effects of ambient air on VOC concentrations inside the tunnel, the ratio of propane to the total VOC concentrations was compared between the entrance and middle sites in the tunnel. Propane was used as a standard not only because of its insignificant contribution to vehicle exhaust gas, but also the fact that propane is the most abundant VOC in the atmosphere of Seoul. The ratio of propane to the total VOC concentrations was higher at the entrance site than at the middle location by, on average, 60%. This suggests that ambient air affects the inside tunnel air to a greater extent at the entrance site as compared to the middle site. The contribution of ambient air to the air inside the tunnel at the entrance location varied from 30% to 67%, with an average of 55%. This is 1.5 times higher than the value measured at the middle location, which ranged from 20% to 48%, with an average of 36%. This shows that ambient air substantially affects the inside air of the tunnel. Excluding the effects of ambient air on the air inside the tunnel can provide an improved chemical composition for vehicle exhaust using tunnel measurements. We believe that the concentration difference between the two sites within the tunnel provides a more accurate chemical composition of vehicle exhaust as compared to that obtained from a measurement taken at only one point inside the tunnel.     

A HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING STUDY TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM WATER INTAKE LOCATION IN LAKE PALDANG,KOREA1

A three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to Lake Paldang, South Korea. The lake has three inflows, of which Kyoungan Stream has the smallest flow rate and poorest water quality. Since all drinking water intake stations are located near the confluence of Kyoungan Stream within the lake, this contaminated tributary may have a significant impact on the quality of drinking water sources. The optimum drinking water intake location was determined from the applied model. The model was calibrated and verified using the data measured under different hydrological conditions. The model results were in reasonable agreement with the field measurements in both calibration and verification. The circulation and spreading patterns of the incoming flows in the lake, as well as their composition ratios to the drinking water intakes were determined from the model, and three alternative intake locations were proposed. The simulation results suggested that the horizontal and vertical relocations of the intake aqueduct could significantly decrease the composition ratio of the contaminated water. From this study, it was concluded that the three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model could successfully simulate the temporal and spatial mixing patterns of incoming flows and become a useful tool in determining the optimum water intake location in Lake Paldang.