Sediment microbial fuel cell with floating biocathode for organic removal and energy recovery

A sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) with three dimensional floating biocathode (FBC) was developed for the electricity generation and biodegradation of sediment organic matter in order to avoid negative effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in aqueous environments on cathode performance and search cost-effective cathode materials. The biocathode was made from graphite granules with microbial attachment to replace platinum (Pt)-coated carbon paper cathode in a laboratory-scale SMFC (3 L in volume) filled with river sediment (organic content 49±4 g·kg^-1 dry weight). After start-up of 10 days, the maximum power density of 1.00W·m^-3 (based on anode volume) was achieved. The biocathode was better than carbon paper cathode catalyzed by Pt. The attached biofilm on cathode enhanced power generation significantly. The FBC enhanced SMFC performance further in the presence aeration. The SMFC was continuously operated for an over 120-day period. Power generation peaked within 24 days, declined gradually and stabilized at a level of 1/6 peak power output. At the end, the sediment organic matter content near the anode was removed by 29% and the total electricity generated was equal to 0.251 g of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed.     

铁路隧道救援站火灾模拟实验平台设计及细水雾系统抑制车厢火灾的模拟实验研究

按照1：1尺度设计了实验平台,包括模拟隧道、模拟列车、排烟系统、火灾监控系统、火灾扑救系统以及火灾参数测量系统,是国内第一个专门对铁路隧道救援站的火灾安全性进行系统研究的全尺寸实验平台。实验平台可实现温度场、燃烧成分、火源热辐射等关键参数的测量;可研究不同工况条件下,火灾监控、火灾扑救技术和烟气控制技术的有效性,为发现火灾特征参数的演变规律和掌握有效的火灾控制技术提供了一整套解决方案,具有广阔的应用前景和重要的实际指导意义。本文建立并利用这样一个全尺寸实验平台进行了细水雾灭火系统抑制车厢火灾的模拟实验研究,获取温度、有毒有害气体浓度、热辐射等火场重要参数,发现细水雾灭火系统可有效的抑制车厢火灾,并验证了此实验平台用于铁路隧道内列车火灾实验研究的可行性和有效性。     

浅析数字化集气站安全风险及控制措施

苏里格气田地处毛乌素沙漠,是典型的低渗、低压、低丰度岩性气藏,单井产量低,建井数量多,靠人工管理的难度大,本着降本增效、减少风险的原则,数字化集气站在苏里格气田得到了大力推广,其应用过程中面临着与传统集气站不同的安全风险。文章对数字化集气站运行过程中的各类安全风险进行了分析,介绍了风险应对的控制措施,期望为数字化集气站的安全管理提供新的思路。     

苯醚甲环唑对斑马鱼抗氧化酶的影响

以斑马鱼为模式生物研究了三唑类杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑对斑马鱼脑和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)四种抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果发现:苯醚甲环唑暴露后,斑马鱼脑中CAT酶活性随暴露时间延长呈现出先升高后降低的趋势.50μg/L及更高浓度的苯醚甲环唑能够显著抑制斑马鱼脑和肝脏中GPx的活性,且对脑中GPx活性的抑制程度更强.另外,500μg/L苯醚甲环唑处理后,斑马鱼肝脏和脑中GR活性表现出不同的变化趋势,肝脏中GR活性下降,而脑中GR活性升高.上述结果表明50μg/L的苯醚甲环唑即可影响斑马鱼的抗氧化系统,其对农业水域中的鱼类影响值得重视.     

公众大气能见度认知下的支付意愿及影响因素

为了进一步将公众参与政策纳入到大气环境保护工作中,结合客观试验数据和实际调查问卷统计分析数据,通过向被访者展示2组10张照片(北京,摄于2011年10月),开展公众对大气能见度认知情况的实证研究,并分析生态价值观、环保态度和支付意愿的主要影响因素. 结果表明:在332名被访者中,支付意愿为0~50元/a的占28.9%,>50~100元/a的占17.8%,>100~200元/a的占12.0%,>200~500元/a的占19.0%,>500~1 000元/a的占13.9%,>1 000元/a的仅占8.4%. 公众生态价值观决定其环保态度(β=0.381,P<0.001),进而影响其对能见度改善的支付意愿(β=0.485,P<0.1). 与来自传统媒体和非盈利组织的环保信息相比,来自社交网络的环保信息能更显著地促进公众对大气环境的环保态度(β=0.117,P<0.001).      

A two-step local smoothing approach for exploring spatio-temporal patterns with application to the analysis of precipitation in the mainland of China during 1986–2005

There has been a growing interest on using local modelling techniques for the analysis of spatio-temporal data because of their powerfulness in extracting the underlying local patterns in the data. In this study, we propose a two-step local smoothing approach to explore spatial patterns and temporal trends of spatio-temporal data via combining the geographically weighted regression and the local polynomial smoothing procedure. The proposed method incorporates both spatial and temporal information into the calibration process and makes it easier to implement visualization of the results. A simulation experiment is conducted to assess the performance of the proposed method and the results show that the method works satisfactorily. A real-world spatio-temporal data set is analyzed to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the method.     

Promoting effect of Zr on the catalytic combustion of methane over Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The effect of Zr on the catalytic performance of Pd/y-A1203 for the methane combustion was investigated. The results show that the addition of Zr can improve the activity and stability of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which, based on the catalyst characterization （N2 adsorption, XRD, CO- Chemisorption, XPS, CHa-TPR and O2-TPO）, is ascribed to the interaction between Pd and Zr. The active phase of methane combustion over supported palladium catalyst is the Pd^0/Pd^2＋ mixture. Zr addition inhibits Pd aggregation and enhances the redox properties of active phase Pd^0/ Pd^2＋. H2 reduction could effectively reduce the oxidation degree of Pd species and regenerate the active sites （Pd^0/ pd^2＋）.     

辽宁省近地层风切变特征研究

利用辽宁省风能资源专业观测网26座测风塔2009年6月至2010年5月10~70 m（100 m）的逐时梯度风观测数据,研究了辽宁省近地层风切变特征,结果表明：近地层风速随高度变化基本遵循幂指数规律;各塔年风切变指数为0.024 4~0.405 0,没有明显的空间分布规律,主要受局地地形、地貌环境影响,个体差异较大;有11座测风塔年平均风切变指数大于B类风切变指数,26座测风塔空间平均年风切变指数为0.155 1,也略大于B类风切变指数;风切变指数呈现明显的白天小、夜间大的日变化特征,与气温的日变化呈反位相;春季风切变指数明显偏小;大气中性条件下的风切变指数与年平均风切变指数基本相当,稳定状态下风切变指数明显偏大,不稳定状态下最小;风切变指数具有随风速增大而减小的特点,大风条件下的平均风切变指数小于年平均风切变指数,多数测风塔风速≥15 m/s时风切变指数下降至0.1以下。     

Removal of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) by sepiolite-supported nanoscale zerovalent iron

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) synthesized using sepiolite as a supporter was used to investigate the removal kinetics and mechanisms of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). BDE-209 was rapidly removed by the prepared sepiolite-supported nZVI with a reaction rate that was 5 times greater than that of the conventionally prepared nZVI because of its high surface area and reactivity. The degradation of BDE-209 occurred in a stepwise debromination manner, which followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The removal efficiency of BDE-209 increased with increasing dosage of sepiolite-supported nZVI particles and decreasing pH, and the efficiency decreased with increasing initial BDE-209 concentrations. The presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cosolvent at certain volume fractions in water influenced the degradation rate of sepiolite-supported nZVI. Debromination pathways of BDE-209 with sepiolite-supported nZVI were proposed based on the identified reaction intermediates, which ranged from nona- to mono-brominated diphenylethers (BDEs) under acidic conditions and nona- to penta-BDEs under alkaline conditions. Adsorption on sepiolite-supported nZVI particles also played a role in the removal of BDE-209. Our findings indicate that the particles have potential applications in removing environmental pollutants, such as halogenated organic contaminants.     

江西武山铜矿尾矿坝软土地基分级加载稳定性问题分析

稳定性分析是堤防、土石坝等以稳定性为控制条件的工程设计的一项重要工作,在软土地区尤其如此。由于软基堤坝稳定问题主要出现在施工期间,特别对于进行地基处理过的软基。本文结合工程实际,通过对湖相沉积软土上分级加载的堆石坝进行稳定性分析,指导了工程安全施工,收到了一定的效果。